RAJIV GOEL, MD

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This study looked at the health profiles of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) at a hospital in South India over 16 years. Researchers found that among 10 GCA patients, 80% experienced headaches, and 40% had visual problems, while for 5 PMR patients, the average age was 55.8 years, and they showed inflammation markers in their blood tests. Understanding the characteristics of these diseases is important because it helps doctors recognize and treat them more effectively, especially since most patients respond well to steroid treatments. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing these conditions better.

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This study looked at very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, specifically focusing on their platelet counts before they received transfusions and whether these counts were related to bleeding problems. Among the 210 infants studied, 76% experienced bleeding, with the majority facing a specific type called intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The findings showed that overall, the platelet counts were similar for babies with and without bleeding, but those with severe IVH had higher counts (68.9 compared to 53.5). This information helps improve our understanding of how to manage platelet transfusions in VLBW infants and may guide future treatment decisions. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare teams working with premature infants.

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This study looked at a new way to automatically score the risk of ovarian lesions found in ultrasound reports, using a specific computer program designed to understand medical language. Researchers tested their method on 513 cases and found it achieved an impressive accuracy of 80.3%, which is better than existing methods. This is important because it can help doctors make quicker and more consistent decisions about patient care. Who this helps: Patients and their doctors.

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This study examined different cooling agents, substances that create a cooling effect in tobacco products, particularly as alternatives to menthol. Researchers identified 228 cooling agents and used computer software to analyze their structures and potential health risks, discovering some may cause problems like skin and eye irritation. This research is important because understanding these agents can guide future regulations on tobacco products to protect public health. Who this helps: This helps patients and public health policymakers manage the risks associated with tobacco products.

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This study looked at how systemic amyloidosis, a rare disease, shows up with joint pain and other symptoms that can be mistaken for arthritis. The researchers reviewed 24 patient cases and found that the most common symptoms were joint pain and stiffness, affecting over 60% of the patients. The study revealed that patients with amyloid A (AA) type survived better (91% survival rate) compared to those with amyloid light-chain (AL) type, who had only a 14% survival rate, highlighting the need for awareness and early diagnosis in these cases. Who this helps: This helps patients with rheumatological symptoms, as well as doctors diagnosing and treating them.

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This study focused on the rates and types of transfusion reactions in children under 18 over nearly four years across eight hospitals. Researchers found that of the 228,886 blood products transfused, there were 1,165 reactions, leading to a reaction rate of 0.52%. The highest rates of reactions were seen in children aged 5 to 11 and were primarily allergic reactions from platelets. This research is crucial because it highlights the need for better monitoring and reporting of transfusion reactions in pediatric patients to enhance their safety during treatment. Who this helps: Patients, particularly children receiving blood transfusions.

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This study compared two imaging methods, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and computed tomography coronary angiography (CT-CAG), to see how accurately they measure the size of the left ventricular outflow tract in stable Indian adults. The researchers found that both methods produced similar results for the outflow tract size, with average measurements of 1.94 cm for CT-CAG and 1.88 cm for TTE, showing a strong agreement (0.85). However, when looking at derived measurements like heart function, the agreement was weaker, indicating that these methods cannot simply replace each other for all purposes. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and heart patients by providing reliable methods for assessing heart structure.

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This research studied the effectiveness of a drug called selpercatinib as a first-line treatment for patients with a specific type of lung cancer (non-small-cell lung cancer with a certain genetic mutation). The findings showed that selpercatinib significantly improved both progression-free survival and overall survival compared to standard chemotherapy: with hazard ratios of 0.304 and 0.368, respectively, indicating that patients using selpercatinib had about 70-60% lower risks of cancer progression and death compared to those on chemotherapy. This matters because it helps doctors and healthcare providers understand how this new treatment may perform relative to existing options, supporting better treatment decisions for patients. Who this helps: Patients with fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.

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This study focused on developing a new tool, called NbLumSyt1, to better observe how brain cells communicate by tracking synaptic vesicles in both rodent and human neurons. The researchers found that this new nanobody-based system allows for precise, real-time imaging of neurotransmitter recycling, significantly improving previous methods. This advancement matters because it enhances our understanding of brain function and the effects of brain diseases, aiding in the search for effective treatments. Who this helps: This helps scientists and researchers studying brain disorders and developing new therapies.

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This study looked at the effects of pembrolizumab, an immunotherapy drug, on patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP), a type of cancer that does not have a known starting point. Out of 33 patients, 27 could be evaluated, and the study found that only 11.1% had a significant response to the treatment, but 51.9% experienced some level of disease control. The average time patients lived without their cancer worsening was about 3 months, while the average overall survival was nearly 9.5 months. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with CUP by informing future treatment options and strategies.

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The Eastern Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference in September 2025 brought together healthcare experts to discuss important developments in treating gastrointestinal cancers. They focused on several areas, like managing early-stage gastroesophageal junction cancer and exploring new treatments for colorectal cancer, as well as prevention strategies. These discussions aim to improve patient care and outcomes in these cancer types. Who this helps: Patients with gastrointestinal cancers and their healthcare providers.

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This research looked at different ways to encourage the use of additional cholesterol-lowering medications that aren't statins, which can help people with high cholesterol. The review found that strategies led by doctors and pharmacists significantly improved patients' cholesterol levels, with some methods achieving better adherence to treatments and helping to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Overall, using these strategies can lead to better health outcomes for individuals needing these therapies and can adapt to different healthcare settings. Who this helps: Patients with high cholesterol and healthcare providers managing their care.

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This study looked at a specialized imaging technique called Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT to better understand kidney tumors that are not clearly benign or malignant. They examined 344 patients and found that most aggressive tumors were less likely to show up on the scans (with 97% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas and 80-84% of papillary types being "cold"), while benign tumors called oncocytomas were more likely to appear as "hot" (69% positive rate). This finding is important because it can help doctors better identify which kidney masses are less risky and may not require surgery, improving patient care. Who this helps: Patients with uncertain kidney tumors seeking clear information about their treatment options.

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This study looked at how the complexity of heart procedures affects the risk of bleeding and serious heart problems in patients at high risk for bleeding during a heart procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Out of nearly 17,000 patients, 43% were identified as high bleeding risk, and those undergoing more complex procedures faced a higher chance of suffering major complications, with a 78% increased risk of heart issues and a 55% increased risk of bleeding compared to simpler procedures. This is important because it shows that more complex heart procedures can lead to greater risks, which doctors need to consider when treating patients. Who this helps: This research benefits patients and their doctors by informing treatment decisions regarding PCI procedures.

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This study looked at how changing rules for blood donation affected deferral rates for men who have sex with men (MSM) and the rates of infectious diseases like HIV and syphilis. It found that deferral rates for MSM dropped significantly from 0.150% under indefinite deferral to 0.067% after implementing individual donor assessments (IDA). Importantly, the change did not increase HIV, hepatitis B, or active syphilis rates, ensuring that blood safety was maintained even as rules became more flexible. Who this helps: This helps blood donors and patients who need blood transfusions by ensuring a larger pool of eligible donors while maintaining safety.

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This study looked at new ways to monitor joint fluid buildup around knee replacements, which can indicate serious infections. Researchers tested two non-invasive methods that analyzed vibrations in the joint and found they could accurately estimate the amount of fluid present, with errors of only about 11 mL. This is important because it could lead to wearable devices that help doctors detect infections early, improving care and cutting down treatment costs. Who this helps: This benefits patients with knee replacements and their doctors.

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This study looked at how the diabetes medication metformin affects certain blood markers related to inflammation and oxidative stress in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. Researchers found that after six months of taking metformin, patients had lower levels of harmful substances in their blood: interleukin-6 (a marker of inflammation) fell significantly, while levels of oxidative stress markers also decreased, indicating less cell damage. This is important because it shows that metformin not only helps control blood sugar but may also protect the body from further complications. Who this helps: This benefits patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

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This study looked at how blood donation centers (BDCs) can team up with human milk banks (HMBs) to better provide pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) for infants, especially those born prematurely. It found that while the number of milk banks is increasing, demand for milk is growing even faster, making these partnerships important. Establishing guidelines and raising public awareness is crucial for addressing challenges and maximizing the supply of human milk to help more babies thrive. Who this helps: This helps infants who need donor milk, as well as their parents and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at using robot-assisted surgery to correct a blockage in the urinary tract of infants, specifically those with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. The researchers treated 11 male infants, who had an average age of about 6 months, and found that 90% of the patients showed improvement after surgery with minimal hospital stays of about 4 days and no complications during the procedures. This is important because it shows that with special adjustments, robotic surgery can be both safe and effective for small patients, making it a good option for treating this condition. Who this helps: Infants with urinary tract blockages and their families.

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This study focused on improving the delivery of a common chemotherapy drug, paclitaxel, for ovarian cancer patients. Researchers created tiny carriers made from modified proteins that deliver the drug directly to cancer cells, which helped the drug bind better and work more effectively. The modified carriers (A60) showed up to 8.6 times better targeting and lower required doses to kill cancer cells compared to unmodified carriers (E60). Who this helps: This helps ovarian cancer patients by potentially increasing the effectiveness of their treatment while reducing side effects.

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This research examines polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), which are tiny particles made from polymers that can deliver drugs more effectively. The study found that PNPs can encapsulate various therapies and release them in a controlled manner, which boosts their effectiveness while reducing harmful side effects. This is especially important for treating complex diseases like cancer and brain disorders, making treatments safer and more personalized. Who this helps: This benefits patients needing targeted therapy for serious illnesses.

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This study looked at how platelet transfusions are done for newborns and children, focusing on how donor blood and platelet characteristics affect the effectiveness of these transfusions. Among nearly 250,000 patient visits, 8,874 children (3.6%) received platelets, with younger children under 1 year receiving transfusions less often (2.6%) than those aged 1 to 6 years (4.7%). It found that using certain types of platelets, longer storage times, or older donors often led to lower increases in platelet levels after transfusions and might require more follow-up transfusions, which is crucial information for improving patient care. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors and healthcare providers working with infants and children who need platelet transfusions.

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This study focuses on the growing obesity problem in India, highlighting that obesity is often mistakenly seen as a lifestyle choice instead of a serious health issue. It calls for crucial policy changes, such as viewing obesity as a chronic disease, improving healthcare systems, and providing better support to those affected. Implementing standardized treatment guidelines could help manage obesity more effectively, ultimately improving public health and reducing healthcare costs. Who this helps: This benefits patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers in India.

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This study looked at changes in hemoglobin (Hb) levels in blood donors over 15 years to understand how these changes affected the number of people who were turned away from donating due to low hemoglobin. Researchers found that from 2016 to 2023, the average hemoglobin levels in donors increased, and the percentage of women deferred for low Hb dropped from 12.2% to 7.7%. However, in 2024, after new testing equipment was introduced, the low-Hb deferral rates rose back to previous levels, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of donor hemoglobin trends to ensure safe blood donations. Who this helps: This helps blood donors and blood donation centers.

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This study looked at the current U.S. requirements for platelet donations, which state that each donation must provide a certain minimum amount of platelets (3.0 x 10^11). Given the challenges in maintaining a sufficient supply of platelets, the researchers found that lower-yield platelet units are just as effective for treating patients with low platelet counts due to bone marrow issues. By potentially lowering the minimum requirement for platelet donations, blood banks could have more available platelets to meet patient needs, particularly in tough supply situations. Who this helps: Patients in need of blood transfusions, particularly those with low platelet counts.

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This research paper studies a type of blue-green algae called Microcoleus, which has been increasingly found in freshwater environments like rivers and lakes worldwide. These algae can produce toxins harmful to humans and animals, leading to hundreds of dog deaths and raising broader health concerns. The research shows that Microcoleus can be found in at least 18 countries and thrives in various habitats, while their toxin levels vary widely, indicating the need for more global testing and monitoring to better protect public health and ecosystems. Who this helps: This benefits patients, pet owners, and environmental health researchers.

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This study looked at how much reliable information about blood transfusions is available on Wikipedia. Out of 190 articles examined, only 22% were complete, while almost half were still being developed, highlighting a significant lack of detailed information. Improving these articles could help doctors and patients access better and more accurate transfusion information, which is important for safe medical practices. Who this helps: This helps patients and healthcare professionals seeking accurate transfusion information.

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This study focused on creating clear definitions for specific ultrasound (US) signs in patients with Takayasu arteritis, a disease affecting blood vessels. Researchers gathered input from 47 experts to agree on three important ultrasound signs, such as the "macaroni sign," and identified important blood vessel areas to examine. They found that when experts reviewed images, there was moderate to good agreement on their assessments, especially for the "macaroni sign" with a reliability score of 0.73. Who this helps: This benefits doctors assessing and monitoring patients with Takayasu arteritis.

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This study looked at the impact of blood clots (called venous thromboembolism or VTE) on hospitalized cancer patients in the U.S. In 2021, out of over 2.9 million hospitalizations for cancer, around 234,000 (8.1%) also had VTE. Patients with both conditions faced a higher risk of dying and longer hospital stays, costing more on average—$70,416 compared to $55,887 for those without VTE—showing the need for better management of blood clot risks in these patients. Who this helps: This information benefits patients with cancer and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how people in low- and middle-income countries use bicycles for transportation and what challenges they face. Researchers found that mostly low-income men ride bikes, while women and children tend to cycle only in their neighborhoods. Major barriers to biking included not just poor bike paths, but also issues like financing, maintenance, and lack of support systems. Who this helps: This research benefits city planners, local governments, and health organizations aiming to promote biking and improve urban transportation.

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This study examined how different types of microorganisms work together in a specific reactor that treats wastewater, focusing on their roles in handling nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Researchers discovered over 90 high-quality microbial genomes that contributed to nutrient cycling, finding that certain strains could effectively absorb phosphorus and perform denitrification, which helps reduce pollutants. They also found that nitrous oxide emissions were much higher—nearly 20 times more—when oxygen was present compared to when it wasn't, highlighting the complexities of these microbial communities. Who this helps: This research benefits wastewater treatment facilities by improving their efficiency and reducing harmful emissions.

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This study looked at how different traits of blood donors and the blood products they provide affect the success of platelet transfusions in patients. Researchers analyzed data from 2,808 patients who received platelet transfusions and found that about 25% experienced a significant increase in platelet levels after the transfusion, while 38% needed a red blood cell transfusion within 24 hours. Certain donor factors, like a higher body mass index and elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, were linked to better outcomes for platelet levels, while other factors like pathogen reduction and specific storage methods impacted red blood cell transfusion rates. Who this helps: This research benefits patients receiving platelet transfusions and healthcare providers by improving transfusion practices.

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This study focused on creating and validating a new survey to assess pelvic pain and pelvic floor disorders in transmasculine and gender diverse individuals assigned female at birth. Researchers developed the Transmasculine and Gender Diverse Pelvic Symptom Index (Trans-PSI) and found that it reliably measures these issues, making it a valuable tool for healthcare providers. This matters because it allows for better understanding and treatment of pelvic health problems in this underserved group, leading to improved care. Who this helps: This helps patients who identify as transmasculine or gender diverse.

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This study looked at how big data and artificial intelligence (AI) can improve blood transfusion practices. Researchers found that using AI could help make transfusions safer and more efficient by predicting risks and managing inventory better. For example, AI can identify problems in blood products and streamline the process of matching donors with recipients, addressing many traditional issues in transfusion medicine. Who this helps: This benefits patients needing blood transfusions and the healthcare providers involved in their care.

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This study examined how often and why blood transfusions are given to children in India, focusing on data collected from 23 medical centers over six months. Out of nearly 400,000 blood requests, over 52,000 were for kids, with most needing red blood cells to treat conditions like anemia. This information is important as it highlights the specific medical needs of young patients and can help improve blood transfusion practices in the future. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare providers in pediatric care.

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This study looked at a new drug called DN200434 and its impact on thyroid cancer cells that don't respond to radioactive iodine therapy, specifically in a type of cancer called papillary thyroid cancer. The researchers found that DN200434 increased the uptake of iodine in these resistant cancer cells, with up to a 50% improvement in iodine absorption when treated with the drug. This is important because it could make radioactive iodine therapy more effective for patients whose cancer does not respond to standard treatments. Who this helps: Patients with papillary thyroid cancer that is resistant to radioactive iodine therapy.

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This study looked at different non-drug treatments, like vibration, electric stimulation, and massage, to see how well they work for reducing the severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and improving sleep quality. The results showed that vibration and stimulation significantly decreased RLS symptoms, with a score reduction of about 1.09 points, but other methods like acupressure and massage didn't show strong enough results to be considered effective. These findings suggest that non-drug treatments can help manage RLS, providing options for patients who may want alternatives to medication. Who this helps: Patients with restless legs syndrome.

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This study explored how quantum technology can improve predictions about time-based data, like weather patterns or control of tiny particles. By using quantum entanglement, the researchers developed a new framework that analyzes sequences of information more efficiently than traditional methods, handling up to 100 qubits. The findings show that these quantum systems can accurately recognize complex patterns from smaller data sets, making them particularly useful for future applications in fields that rely on predicting changes over time. Who this helps: This benefits researchers and companies working in fields like meteorology, finance, and environmental science.

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This study looked at how well diode lasers work compared to standard treatment methods for managing endo-perio lesions, which are complex dental issues. They treated 40 patients, with those using diode lasers showing significantly better outcomes, with improvements measured in bone density and lower levels of bacteria after six months. This research is important because it provides evidence that diode lasers can enhance traditional treatments, leading to better recovery for patients. Who this helps: Patients with endo-perio lesions.

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This study looked at how orthodontic treatment affects the bone around teeth that have had root canal treatment (endodontically treated teeth) using special 3D imaging. Researchers examined 100 patients before and after their braces treatment and found that the bone around these teeth decreased after treatment, as well as the size of any related bone damage. Understanding this change matters because it helps us know how orthodontic procedures can impact the health of previously treated teeth. Who this helps: This information is useful for dentists and orthodontists treating patients with history of root canal therapy.

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This research looked into a way to measure and understand errors in recorded values using a method called cumulative residual inaccuracy. The study found that this method can effectively handle different types of data and distributions, which can be useful in real-world situations across many scientific and engineering fields. Understanding and measuring these errors is important because it helps improve accuracy in data collection, which can lead to better decision-making. Who this helps: This benefits scientists and engineers who rely on accurate data for their work.

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This research looked at how common depression is among patients with different types of anaemia, analyzing data from many studies. They found that 36% of anaemia patients are depressed, with the rates being highest in those with sickle cell anaemia (42%) and lowest in those with iron deficiency anaemia (20%). This is important because it highlights a significant mental health issue among anaemic patients, especially in Asia and Africa, where depression rates are notably higher. Who this helps: This helps patients with anaemia and their doctors.