DR. PAUL S. HOGG, M.D.

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This study looked at what physical features of the shoulder might increase the risk of it dislocating, focusing specifically on the shape of the shoulder joint using MRI scans. Researchers analyzed 98 MRI images from patients and found that two specific measurements—the width-to-depth ratio and the height-to-diameter ratio of the glenoid (the socket part of the shoulder)—were strong indicators of dislocation risk if they exceeded 1.65 and 13.15, respectively. Understanding these risk factors helps doctors identify patients who may be more prone to shoulder dislocations, allowing for better preventive strategies. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk for shoulder dislocations and their doctors.

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This study examined how much radiation the lenses of the eyes receive during breast cancer screenings using two different types of mammography: Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT). The research found that the eye radiation dose from FFDM ranged from 0.013 to 0.029 milligrays, with an average of 0.019 milligrays, while DBT produced a higher dose of 0.041 milligrays. These radiation levels are below what is considered safe, meaning the risk to the eyes for women undergoing these screenings is acceptable. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing breast cancer screenings.

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This study looked at how involved radiographers (the professionals who use imaging technology) are in research activities around the world. Out of 420 radiographers surveyed, 69.3% reported various reasons for not engaging in research, including not having enough time, funding, expertise, or mentorship. This matters because increasing radiographer participation in research can improve medical practices and ultimately enhance patient care. Who this helps: This benefits radiographers and the patients they serve.

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This study looked at how yoga affects blood vessel function in people who sit at desks for long periods. Researchers found that doing yoga while sitting improved blood flow more than just sitting still or doing breathing exercises (pranayama). Specifically, yoga helped improve measures of vascular health, suggesting that incorporating short yoga breaks into a desk job can lead to better physical well-being. Who this helps: This benefits office workers and their employers by promoting healthier work habits.

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This study looked at how diagnostic radiographers (the professionals who perform medical imaging) are taking on more advanced roles around the world. Researchers surveyed 206 people from 25 countries, finding that 71.7% of radiographers define teaching as part of their advanced work, while 88.8% of department managers see approving image quality as an advanced task. Understanding what advanced practice entails is important because it helps everyone involved—patients and healthcare providers alike—work more effectively together to improve medical imaging services. Who this helps: This benefits patients and radiographers by clarifying roles and improving healthcare delivery.

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This study looked at health issues in young people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were admitted to a hospital in Northern Australia from 2015 to 2019. It found that among 357 patients, those with type 2 diabetes experienced more complications than those with type 1 diabetes, despite having diabetes for a shorter time; specifically, the risk of kidney issues (microalbuminuria) was nearly five times higher for type 2 diabetics. This is important because it highlights the greater health risks young people with type 2 diabetes face, which can guide better care and prevention strategies. Who this helps: This helps young patients with diabetes and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at a protein called ERp5 and its role in platelets, which are the blood cells involved in clotting. Researchers found that mice lacking ERp5 had larger platelets and showed signs of stress in their cells, leading to increased release of other proteins involved in platelet function and more blood clots formed. This research highlights how ERp5 helps keep platelets functioning properly and suggests that targeting ER stress could be a new way to treat blood clotting disorders. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk of thrombotic disorders.

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This research examined a new cancer treatment called ADCT-601, which targets a protein called AXL that is often found in high amounts in various types of cancer. The study found that ADCT-601 effectively killed cancer cells in lab tests and was very effective in mice models; it showed strong anti-cancer effects and worked better than competing treatments in some cases. This is important because AXL contributes to cancer resistance against standard therapies, so finding an effective treatment like ADCT-601 could significantly improve outcomes for patients with AXL-expressing cancers. Who this helps: Patients with cancers that have high levels of AXL.

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This study looked at how effective online training is for teaching safe patient handling skills to occupational therapy students, replacing traditional in-person training. Over three years, 243 students showed significant improvements in their skills, achieving 100% safety in certain tasks, with scores indicating better performance than those who had face-to-face training. This matters because it shows that online learning can enhance students’ skills while saving time and meeting safety needs without the need for in-person sessions. Who this helps: Patients and healthcare workers.

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This study looked at how well extra imaging tests can help in finding breast cancer in women with dense breasts. Researchers reviewed 42 studies and found that using additional imaging after a regular mammogram helped detect more cancers in women who had negative results from previous tests. Specifically, these additional screenings led to identifying more cancer cases and resulted in more follow-up procedures like biopsies. Who this helps: This helps women with dense breasts who are at risk for undetected breast cancer.

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This study looked at how different treatments help people with a painful elbow condition called lateral elbow tendinopathy. Researchers tested three approaches: heavy slow resistance training combined with a corticosteroid injection, tendon needling, or a placebo treatment. After 12 weeks, all groups saw improvements in their elbow function—each improving their scores by about 20 points on average, but the injections and needling did not make a significant difference beyond the training alone, and the injections could even lead to worse results later on. Who this helps: Patients suffering from lateral elbow tendinopathy.

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Researchers set up a website to support medical professionals in using chest X-rays to diagnose COVID-19, which was particularly important at the start of the pandemic. Within a year, this website was accessed in 157 countries, helping radiographers quickly learn how to take and analyze X-rays in areas with many COVID-19 cases. This is significant because it enabled faster diagnosis and better patient care during a critical time when information was scarce. Who this helps: This helps medical staff and patients in crisis situations.

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This study looked at a new, automated system for making serum eye drops for patients with severe eye diseases. Researchers found that the vials produced by this system remained safe, sterile, and stable after being frozen for up to a year, with serum levels staying within the normal range. This improvement means more patients can receive necessary eye treatment more efficiently, freeing up resources in clean rooms. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from severe eye problems who need serum eye drops.

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Researchers studied the cryopreservation of corneas that were no longer suitable for clinical use due to the COVID-19 pandemic, where many surgeries were canceled. They found that these corneas could be successfully frozen and stored without major damage, as 144 of them were preserved and later assessed as suitable for training uses like surgical practice. This is important because it means valuable corneas that would have otherwise been wasted can now be preserved for future educational purposes. Who this helps: This helps medical students and eye surgeons by providing training materials.

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This study looked at how much pressure is applied during mammogram exams in Ghana, using data from 1,071 patients. The average pressure applied was 17.2 daN for one type of mammogram (CC) and 18.2 daN for another (MLO), which is in line with guidelines used in other countries, although 65% of the exams exceeded certain recommended limits. The researchers found that different operators applied pressure in very different ways, which highlights the need for national guidelines to ensure consistent quality in breast cancer screening. Who this helps: This helps patients by improving the consistency and quality of breast cancer screenings.

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This study examined how X-ray table mattresses affect radiation levels and the quality of images produced during X-ray exams. Researchers tested 13 mattresses of various ages, finding that older mattresses absorbed more radiation but did not significantly affect image quality. Overall, the presence of these mattresses has little clinical impact, suggesting that routine quality control for them is unnecessary. Who this helps: This benefits doctors and medical imaging professionals.

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This study looked at how teaching research skills online affected second-year students in a Diagnostic Radiography program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 44 surveyed students, 73% (32 students) reported that the online learning experience was positive and felt relevant to their practice, with many stating they understood and could master the skills being taught. This is important because it shows that students can still effectively learn and develop crucial skills through online methods, even without face-to-face interaction. Who this helps: This helps students in healthcare programs as they adapt to new learning methods during challenging times.

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This study looked at the effectiveness of X-ray table mattresses in preventing pressure ulcers, which can develop when patients lie on hard surfaces for too long. Researchers tested 21 mattresses and found that newer mattresses significantly reduced peak pressure and improved pressure distribution compared to older ones, which can lead to potential injuries. This matters because using better mattresses can help keep patients safer during X-ray procedures. Who this helps: Patients undergoing X-ray procedures.

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Researchers studied a new drug called PENAO in patients with advanced solid tumors to see how safe it is and what the highest dose can be without causing severe side effects. They treated 26 patients, and while only one experienced significant fatigue at the highest dose, no major organ damage or significant tumor shrinkage was observed. The study revealed that the drug stayed in the body longer than expected, which led to its discontinuation for continuous use, prompting plans for future tests with a different dosing schedule. Who this helps: This helps patients with advanced solid tumors who are looking for new treatment options.

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This study compared X-rays of the pelvis taken while lying down (supine) versus standing up (erect) to see how the body’s position affects the images. Researchers looked at 60 patients and found that standing increased the pelvic width by 20.6% and led to a higher radiation dose, which was 47% more in the standing position. However, the quality of images was worse when standing, with scores dropping from 87% to 78%. This research is important for optimizing X-ray techniques, as it shows that standing images require different settings to improve both safety and quality. Who this helps: Patients needing pelvic X-rays and the doctors interpreting those images.

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This paper looks at how teams made up of various healthcare professionals, particularly in radiography, can work together to conduct research more effectively. The authors emphasize that, despite the increase in articles from these teams, little is known about building strong interprofessional relationships for research purposes. Their findings highlight the benefits of collaboration in improving the quality of research and making it more useful for patients and health professionals. Who this helps: This helps researchers, healthcare professionals, and ultimately patients by improving the quality and applicability of radiography studies.

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This paper discusses the 2021 virtual Congress of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, showcasing 77 expert-led talks on various topics such as blood clots, COVID-19's effects on blood health, and bleeding disorders. The event provided high-quality scientific insights and allows attendees and the public to access these talks online, enhancing education in the field. This is important as it helps share advances that can improve patient care in areas like blood-related conditions. Who this helps: Patients, healthcare providers, and researchers in the field of blood disorders and coagulation.

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Researchers looked at how children make choices when rewards are involved, using a model similar to those used in animal studies. They found that while children generally chose correctly based on the likelihood of getting a reward—either 10%, 50%, or 90% of the time—they didn’t always choose perfectly, indicating that the way they understand rewards is more complex than previously thought. This matters because it helps us understand how children learn from rewards, indicating that their decision-making involves deeper cognitive processes. Who this helps: This helps children and their educators by providing insights into how rewards can more effectively shape learning behavior.

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This study looked at how having a parent with a genetic condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) affects the health outcomes of their children. It found that children of parents with MEN 1 were much more likely to die after birth—4.6 times higher risk at 6 months and 8.5 times higher risk by age 15 compared to children with parents without the condition. Additionally, kids born to mothers with MEN 1 had higher rates of low birth weight and needed more intense medical care right after birth. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and families of children with parents who have MEN 1 by highlighting their increased health risks.

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This study looked at how reliable a special measurement technique called Video Rasterstereography (VR) is for assessing the spine and pelvis in eight different standing positions. Researchers found that the measurements were very consistent, with reliability scores between 0.879 and 1.00, meaning the results were dependable across all tested positions. This matters because it suggests that VR can be used instead of traditional X-rays for determining the best standing position for imaging the pelvis, reducing unnecessary radiation exposure. Who this helps: Patients who need pelvic imaging.

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This study looked at how positioning patients' feet toward the anode or cathode during pelvis X-rays could change the radiation dose and image quality. Researchers found that placing male patients’ feet toward the anode reduced radiation exposure to 0.80 mGy while maintaining good image quality, and for women, the dose was even lower at 0.23 mGy, with similarly high image quality scores. This matters because it helps to minimize radiation exposure while still getting clear images, which is important for patient safety and effective diagnoses. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing pelvis X-rays, particularly men and women, by reducing their radiation exposure.

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This study focused on creating a special model, called a phantom, to help improve the accuracy of measuring the Cobb angle in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, a condition where the spine curves. Researchers built a model representing a 10-year-old child with a 15-degree spinal curve and tested it against real human and sheep bones. They found that this model's measurements were very similar to actual bones, with a Hounsfield unit of 628 for the model compared to 598 for human bones, showing it can effectively mimic the necessary conditions for better X-ray imaging. Who this helps: This benefits doctors and patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by improving monitoring methods while reducing radiation exposure.

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This study evaluated a new imaging method using CT scans to measure the severity of spinal deformities in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The researchers found that this method produced Cobb angle measurements that were within an acceptable range, with an average error of just -2.75 degrees. This is important because it reduces the radiation exposure for young patients, while still providing reliable results for monitoring their condition. Who this helps: This benefits patients with scoliosis and their doctors by offering a safer way to track spinal deformities.

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This study looked at the effects of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) on pregnancy by reviewing records of 26 women with the condition who had 96 pregnancies. The findings showed that these women were more likely to experience gestational diabetes (56% vs 8.9% in the general population), high blood pressure issues (25.9% vs 7.6%), shorter pregnancy durations (average of 38.1 weeks vs 38.7 weeks), and low birthweight infants (30.1% vs 6.5%). However, the rates of miscarriage and emergency C-sections were similar to those in the general population, indicating that while there are some risks, many pregnancies were still safe. Who this helps: This information benefits women with MEN 1 and their doctors, helping them better manage pregnancies.

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This study developed a new way to test how well X-ray table mattresses distribute pressure, which is important because improper pressure distribution can lead to pressure ulcers in patients who are at risk. Researchers created a model that mimics the shape of a human body, including the head, pelvis, and heels, and tested how it measured pressure compared to real people. The findings showed a strong agreement between the model and actual human pressure readings, with very high correlation scores (around 0.996), indicating this method can effectively assess mattress performance. Who this helps: This benefits patients, especially those who are at risk of developing pressure ulcers during medical imaging procedures.

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This study looked at the issue of pressure ulcers, which are painful injuries to the skin caused by prolonged pressure. The researchers reviewed five articles and found that patients undergoing medical imaging procedures might be at risk for developing these ulcers due to the settings and processes involved. This is important because pressure ulcers can lead to serious health problems and expensive care, highlighting the need for healthcare professionals, especially those in radiology, to be more aware and find ways to reduce this risk. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing medical imaging and the healthcare professionals involved in their care.

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This study compared the radiation exposure from two types of breast cancer screenings: digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full field digital mammography (FFDM). It found that DBT exposes women to a mean glandular dose of 3.6 mGy, compared to 2.8 mGy from FFDM, and increases the overall radiation exposure from one screening session by 22%, with an effective dose of 0.44 mSv for DBT versus 0.34 mSv for FFDM. This matters because higher radiation exposure could raise health risks for patients undergoing these screenings. Who this helps: Patients undergoing breast cancer screenings.

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This study looked at how using a thin silicone gel overlay on X-ray tables affects the pressure on patients' heads, which can lead to pressure ulcers (PUs). Researchers found that the pressure level without the gel was 83.9 mmHg, while using the gel reduced it to 62.4 mmHg, meaning there was about a 25% decrease in risk for pressure ulcers. This is important because lowering pressure can help keep patients, especially those receiving prolonged treatments, from developing painful and costly pressure ulcers. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing radiography and radiotherapy, particularly the elderly and those with limited mobility.

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This study looked at the risk of pressure ulcers, comfort, and pain for people lying on medical imaging tables. Researchers found that laying on an x-ray table without a mattress created a lot of pressure on the head, measuring 75.9 mmHg, which is uncomfortable for 70% of people, and 67% felt most pain in that position. This is important because high pressure increases the risk of pressure ulcers, which can hurt patients and lead to costly treatment. Who this helps: Patients undergoing medical imaging procedures.

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This study looked at how clearly low-contrast details appear in chest X-rays for children and measured the amount of radiation they receive during the procedure at different hospitals. It found that the ability to detect low-contrast details varied widely, with scores ranging from 0.87 to 4.73 depending on the child's age, and radiation doses varied from 5.44 to 100.77 micrograys. These differences are important because they show that some hospitals may be using more radiation than necessary while not providing clear images, suggesting a need for better protocols to ensure children's safety and accurate diagnosis. Who this helps: This helps patients, particularly children undergoing chest X-rays.

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This study looked at the different ways that disulphide bonds, which link parts of proteins, can be arranged and how these arrangements affect protein functions. Researchers found that out of 20 possible bond types, two specific arrangements—the -RHstaple and -/+RHhook—experience more strain and are important for regulating protein activity. Understanding these bonds helps in analyzing how proteins work, which could lead to advances in drug design and disease treatment. Who this helps: This information benefits researchers developing targeted therapies and understanding protein-related diseases.

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This study developed a new imaging tool called Ga-NODAGA-GSAO that can help visualize cell death in living organisms using a technique called PET scanning. The researchers found that this tool effectively binds to dying cells, making them detectable during imaging. This is important because it could improve our ability to track diseases where cell death plays a key role, such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders. Who this helps: This helps patients by potentially allowing doctors to see how diseases progress and respond to treatment.

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This study looked at how using a shield on the breast not being examined during digital mammography can lower the risk of developing cancer from radiation exposure. The shield significantly reduced radiation dose to the unexamined breast by over 95%, with specific reductions measured from about 35.20 micrograys down to 1.93 micrograys and similar drops for other measurements. These findings are important because they suggest that using a breast shield can help reduce unwanted radiation exposure during routine screenings. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing mammograms by potentially lowering their risk of radiation-related cancers.

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This study examined different imaging methods for scoliosis, a condition where the spine curves, to see how much radiation young patients are exposed to. Researchers found that 17 out of the imaging protocols using CT scans delivered significantly lower radiation doses than traditional X-ray methods. In fact, the EOS imaging system provided the lowest radiation dose overall. This is important because reducing radiation exposure can help protect the health of young scoliosis patients over time. Who this helps: Young scoliosis patients and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how different settings for X-ray machines affect the quality of images and the amount of radiation kids are exposed to when they have pelvic X-rays. Researchers tested these settings using models that represent 1 and 5-year-old children and found that for a 1-year-old, settings of 65 kVp and 2 mAs provided good image quality with a manageable dose of radiation, while for a 5-year-old, 62 kVp and 8 mAs achieved similar results. This is important because it helps ensure that children receive the safest and most effective X-ray imaging possible. Who this helps: This benefits children undergoing pelvic X-rays and the healthcare professionals who operate the imaging equipment.

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This study looked at how radiographers feel about using Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) to assess the quality of medical images, such as X-rays, while balancing the need to minimize radiation exposure. It found that while VGA is a cost-effective and detailed method for image quality assessment, it is less commonly published about compared to another method known as Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) – with only 1,384 studies on VGA compared to 122,686 on ROC. Understanding these evaluation methods is important because better image quality can lead to more accurate diagnoses and safer procedures for patients. Who this helps: This helps radiographers and medical professionals involved in imaging.

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This study looked at how using smart glasses can protect doctors' eyes from radiation during procedures where X-ray images are used to guide treatment. The researchers found that wearing lead-shielded glasses while using smart glasses can reduce radiation exposure to the eye by more than six times compared to looking at fixed computer monitors. This is important because it allows doctors to focus more on the patient while minimizing their radiation risk. Who this helps: This benefits doctors and healthcare professionals performing interventional procedures.

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This study looked at the best settings for taking pelvis X-rays of 10-year-old children to ensure both good image quality and the lowest radiation dose. The researchers found that the optimal settings involved using a specific voltage (89 kVp) and distance from the X-ray source (130 cm), which produced a radiation dose of 178.8 microgray while maintaining good image quality. Understanding these settings is important because it helps ensure that children receive the most effective X-rays with less exposure to harmful radiation. Who this helps: Patients, particularly young children needing X-rays.