PATRICK J. RUSSO JR., MD

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This study looked at how reliable certain chemicals in urine, which reflect the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and chocolate, are over time in children and adolescents from Europe. Researchers tested 1788 urine samples over several years and found that the reliability, measured by intraclass correlation coefficients, was fairly low, with only about 17% of the variation explained by different factors like country of residence and diet. This matters because understanding food intake accurately is crucial for linking diet to health risks, especially in young people. Who this helps: This helps doctors, nutritionists, and public health officials understand dietary habits in children.

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This study looked at why some colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors do not respond to a type of immunotherapy called anti-PD-L1, while those with microsatellite-instable (MSI) tumors do. Researchers found that in MSS tumors, T-cells, which help fight cancer, are often exhausted and show high levels of specific proteins, making them less effective. They discovered that targeting certain signals from tumor-associated macrophages (immune cells) could help boost T-cell activity and make immunotherapy more effective. Who this helps: This research benefits colorectal cancer patients, particularly those with MSS tumors who need better treatment options.

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This study looked at liver biopsies from seven newborns with congenital hyperinsulinism who also had cholestasis, a condition that can cause yellowing of the skin due to bilirubin buildup. The researchers found that all patients showed changes in their liver cells indicative of giant cell hepatitis, but none showed signs of typical bile duct blockage. Importantly, after treatment with ursodiol, five of the seven patients improved or completely resolved their cholestasis. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and patients dealing with congenital hyperinsulinism and cholestasis, as it clarifies liver biopsy findings and treatment responses.

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This study examined how patients with advanced kidney cancer (metastatic renal cell carcinoma) respond to immunotherapy before having surgery to remove the tumor. It found that 26% of the patients had a strong positive response to treatment, which was linked to better survival rates—those with a major response lived significantly longer and had a lower risk of cancer progression. Specifically, patients with a major pathologic response had an overall survival rate of 93% compared to 75% for all patients. Who this helps: This information benefits patients undergoing immunotherapy for metastatic kidney cancer and their doctors, as it helps guide treatment decisions and surgery timing.

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This study looked at how brain activity changes when older people watch emotional videos, comparing those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to healthy older adults. Researchers found that people with MCI had more brain activity in the beta frequency range, especially on the right side of the brain, while healthy participants had a different pattern of activity. They also discovered that higher brain activity in certain frequency bands during emotional viewing was linked to more depressive symptoms in both groups. This matters because it highlights how brain activity may help identify and monitor depression in older adults, potentially aiding in early treatment for cognitive decline. Who this helps: This helps patients with mild cognitive impairment and their doctors.

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This study focused on patients with a type of kidney tumor called oncocytoma who had surgery to remove their kidney. Researchers followed 328 patients for an average of nearly 9 years and found that 19% had multiple tumors at the time of surgery, with some needing further treatment. They discovered that those with only one tumor had a 98.8% chance of staying tumor-free after 5 years, while those with multiple tumors had only an 88% chance, indicating that patients with multiple tumors need more careful follow-up. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and patients by informing treatment and monitoring strategies for kidney tumors.

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This study looked at liver fibrosis in patients with Fontan circulation to understand what factors are linked to its severity. Researchers analyzed data from 173 patients and found that the average liver fibrosis score, measured using a special staining technique, was 21.6%, and that fibrosis increased with the length of time since the Fontan operation. Notably, younger patients at the time of surgery had more severe liver fibrosis, indicating that how early a child undergoes the Fontan surgery may affect their liver health later. Who this helps: This helps patients with Fontan circulation and their doctors by highlighting the importance of timing in surgery for better long-term liver health.

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This study looked at how to measure how much fruit and vegetables children and teens eat by analyzing their urine for specific markers, or "biomarkers." Researchers found that urinary markers were related to fruit and vegetable consumption, identifying 59 specific features, including a strong link between eating apples and a compound called hippuric acid. This matters because it helps create a more reliable way to assess dietary habits in young people, which can aid in future health studies and dietary recommendations. Who this helps: This helps parents and healthcare providers understand children's diets better and promote healthier eating habits.

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This study looked at the long-term results of a surgery called cytoreductive partial nephrectomy (CRPN) in 73 patients with advanced kidney cancer (metastatic renal cell carcinoma). The researchers found that patients had a median survival of 6.1 years after the surgery, and 22% experienced complications within 30 days. Importantly, larger tumors increased the risk of dying from cancer, which highlights the need for careful patient selection for this procedure. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors and their patients by guiding treatment decisions for advanced kidney cancer.

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This study looked at new, less invasive treatments for kidney cancer in patients who cannot undergo surgery. It found that methods like radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation successfully treat small tumors over 95% of the time, with only 1% to 9% coming back and serious complications occurring in less than 5% of cases. These treatments are important because they offer a safer option for patients who are too risky for traditional surgery, helping them avoid more invasive procedures. Who this helps: Patients with kidney cancer who are not candidates for surgery.

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This study looked at newer robotic surgery systems to see how their costs compared to the well-known da Vinci surgical system, which is expensive to buy and maintain. Researchers found that systems like Hugo RAS and KangDuo could be cheaper for certain procedures, although they might require more practice before teams become efficient. The findings suggest that these new systems can help reduce costs without affecting patient care, which is important as many places struggle with high healthcare expenses. Who this helps: This benefits hospitals, healthcare providers, and patients who need surgery.

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This study looks at how certain harmful compounds called Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are created when foods are cooked and how they contribute to health problems and aging. Researchers found that diets high in AGEs, especially from processed and high-heat cooked foods, can worsen conditions like insulin resistance and heart disease. They suggest that cooking methods using moist heat can reduce the formation of these harmful substances, which is important for improving health and potentially extending lifespan. Who this helps: This information benefits patients looking to improve their health and longevity, as well as doctors advising on dietary changes.

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This study compared two types of robotic systems used in kidney surgery: a new multiport robotic system (MRS) and the well-known Da Vinci system. Researchers looked at data from 1,204 patients and found that while the new MRS had some advantages, like shorter docking and console times, the overall results in terms of surgery success and recovery were similar for both systems. This is important because it shows that the new robotic system can be a viable alternative, especially in hospitals that may not have access to the more expensive Da Vinci system. Who this helps: This helps patients needing kidney surgery and hospitals with limited resources.

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This study examined how improper storage temperatures affect the safety of turkey hamburgers and ready-to-eat salads by having students analyze the bacteria present in these foods. They found that storing food at incorrect temperatures increases harmful bacteria, which can compromise food safety. Over 85% of students felt the lab was relevant for their future careers, highlighting its importance in training future food scientists to prevent foodborne illnesses. Who this helps: This benefits food safety professionals and consumers.

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This research paper discusses a new way to study kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma, or RCC) using special lab-grown structures called patient-derived organoids (PDOs). These 3D models are more effective than traditional 2D cultures because they better mimic how tumors behave in the body. The paper highlights that using PDOs can help predict how patients will respond to treatments, which is key for personalized medicine. However, there are still challenges to overcome, like making sure these organoids can be reliably grown over time. Who this helps: This helps patients by enabling more tailored cancer treatments.

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This study looked at ways to ensure surgeons remove all of a high-risk prostate cancer tumor during surgery, which is crucial because leaving cancer behind can lead to a return of the disease. Researchers reviewed different imaging and assessment techniques that help identify tumor margins. They found that while current methods hold promise, significant challenges remain in using these technologies effectively during surgery. Who this helps: This benefits prostate cancer patients, particularly those with high-risk disease.

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This research focused on kidney tumors in adolescents, a group that faces unique challenges as they fall between children and adults. The study presented four case examples, showing various tumor types and outcomes; for instance, one case was a common Wilms' tumor, while another involved a rare renal Ewing sarcoma. The findings highlight the need for a coordinated approach from different medical specialists to provide the best diagnosis and treatment, which can improve patient outcomes significantly. Who this helps: This benefits adolescents with kidney tumors and their doctors.

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This study looked at patients with bladder cancer who underwent surgery to remove the bladder and surrounding lymph nodes. Researchers compared outcomes between those with localized bladder cancer and those with locally advanced cancer in a group of 364 patients. They found that while the surgery took longer and resulted in more blood loss for patients with advanced cancer, their overall survival rates were significantly worse—3.4 times higher risk of dying and 5.1 times greater risk of cancer recurrence compared to those with localized disease. Who this helps: This information can help doctors better understand risks and outcomes, ultimately guiding treatment decisions for bladder cancer patients.

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This research paper looked at how the gut microbiome affects treatment results for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), particularly those receiving immune therapies and targeted drugs. The study found that using antibiotics during treatment could lower effectiveness, with objective response rates dropping from 12.9% to 34.8%, and overall survival getting worse, suggesting that antibiotics harm gut health and treatment outcomes. However, promising results were also observed when patients consumed probiotics or received fecal transplants, leading to better survival rates and responses in some cases. Who this helps: This research helps patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and their doctors by guiding treatment choices based on gut health.

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This study compared two types of surgery for patients with a specific kidney cancer (pT3a renal cell carcinoma): partial nephrectomy (PN), which removes only the tumor and some surrounding tissue, and radical nephrectomy (RN), which removes the entire kidney. The analysis of data from over 34,000 patients showed that while both surgeries had similar rates of complications and recovery times, PN helped patients keep more of their kidney function and involved smaller tumors on average. This is important because maintaining kidney function can lead to better long-term health and quality of life for patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma.

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This study focused on creating tiny particles that can carry the antibiotic levofloxacin through mucus, which is particularly important for patients with cystic fibrosis. Researchers found that using ambroxol helped produce more particles effectively, with up to 74% yield, and that adding L-leucine helped the particles break apart better during inhalation, resulting in more than 38% of the particles being easily inhaled. These findings are important because they could lead to more effective ways to deliver medication to patients struggling with thick mucus. Who this helps: This helps cystic fibrosis patients who need better access to inhaled antibiotics.

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This study examined how well patients with parotid gland cancer in Northern Italy do after surgery and compared their results to other hospitals in the country. Out of 106 patients, those with larger tumors (over 4 cm), advanced stages, and certain other negative factors had lower survival rates, while treatments like elective neck dissection didn’t significantly improve outcomes. Importantly, 30.8% of patients had hidden lymph node cancer that wasn't initially detected, highlighting the need for better treatment strategies. Who this helps: This information benefits patients with parotid gland cancer and their doctors by guiding treatment decisions.

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This study focused on creating a new type of eye drop that combines hyaluronic acid with small particles of acetazolamide, a medication used to treat glaucoma. The researchers found that these new eye drops not only delivered the medication effectively, reducing eye pressure significantly more than standard solutions, but also did so without causing irritation to the eyes. Specifically, the new drops could lower eye pressure for longer than traditional treatments, even using a smaller dose of the drug. Who this helps: This helps patients with glaucoma by providing a more effective and comfortable way to receive their treatment.

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This study looked at two robotic surgery systems used for treating prostate cancer: the ToumaiMT-1000 and the da VinciXi. Researchers followed 80 patients and found that both systems had similar outcomes; for example, the rate of positive surgical margins was the same at 17.5% for both systems, and the average hospital stay was two days. These results show that the Toumai system could be a cost-effective alternative without compromising patient safety or surgical quality, which is important as healthcare costs continue to rise. Who this helps: This benefits patients with prostate cancer by providing more affordable treatment options.

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This study looked at how lifestyle changes, like diet, exercise, and weight management, affect men with low-risk prostate cancer who are being monitored instead of receiving immediate treatment. The researchers found that regular exercise was the most beneficial, improving fitness and reducing anxiety about the disease. However, changes in diet and weight didn't reliably prevent cancer progression or reduce the need for more aggressive treatment. Who this helps: This research benefits men with prostate cancer on active surveillance and their healthcare providers.

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This study examined the role of Torque teno virus (TTV) in elderly patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during rehabilitation. Researchers found that older patients with high TTV levels had serious immune system problems, including lower T-cell counts and changes to a specific receptor linked to immune response, which were associated with shorter lifespans (about 610 days for those with high TTV compared to 937 days for those with low TTV). Understanding TTV's impact could help tailor rehabilitation and treatment strategies for these patients. Who this helps: This helps elderly COPD patients and their healthcare providers.

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This research paper examines how tiny plastic particles, known as micro- and nanoplastics, affect the heart and blood vessels. It found that these particles can harm the cardiovascular system by causing stress and damage to cells, which may lead to serious health issues like heart disease. The study emphasizes the need for better ways to detect these plastics in our bodies and to find solutions to prevent their harmful effects. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk for heart disease and healthcare providers looking for ways to improve cardiovascular health.

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This study explored a new way to deliver medicine directly to wounds using tiny particles called nanoparticles embedded in larger particles. They found that when they added these nanoparticles to their product, they achieved a strong gel that could hold together well under stress and release up to 80% of the medicine within the first few hours and continue releasing it for a full day. This method is important because it improves how medications are delivered to wounds, making treatments more effective. Who this helps: Patients with wounds needing faster and more effective healing solutions.

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This study looked at how liquid biopsies, which test blood for cancer cells or DNA, can be used in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. The researchers reviewed 11 studies and found that while detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was rare and not very helpful in early stages, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could indicate aggressive cancer and higher recurrence risk in some patients. Understanding these results helps doctors make better decisions about treatment plans, potentially leading to more tailored care for patients. Who this helps: Patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer.

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This study explored how using a machine learning program could better predict survival outcomes for patients with bladder cancer who have undergone surgery to remove their bladders. Researchers analyzed data from 370 patients and found that their model could predict disease-free survival within about 18 months and overall survival within about 14.6 months after considering specific patient characteristics. These results are significant because they show that AI can provide more accurate survival predictions, helping doctors tailor treatments more effectively. Who this helps: This benefits patients with bladder cancer and their doctors.

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This study looked at how a specific type of diabetes medication, GLP-1 receptor agonists, affects the enlargement of the ascending aorta in patients with type 2 diabetes. It found that patients taking these medications showed much less aortic enlargement over two years, with an increase of just 0.36 mm compared to 1.05 mm in those receiving standard care. This is important because it indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists may help protect blood vessels in addition to controlling blood sugar levels. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with type 2 diabetes who are at risk of heart and vascular issues.

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This study looked at how a specific genetic deficiency, called MLH1 mismatch repair deficiency, affects the response to a type of cancer treatment known as immune checkpoint inhibition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Researchers found that this deficiency, though uncommon, is a strong indicator that patients will have a remarkable response to this treatment, which can lead to better outcomes. Understanding this factor is important because it helps doctors predict which patients are likely to benefit the most from immunotherapy. Who this helps: Patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

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This study looked at how intra-plaque vascularization (IPV), which can be seen through a special ultrasound, predicts the risk of heart problems in patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have significant carotid artery narrowing. Researchers found that higher IPV was linked to a much greater likelihood of major cardiovascular events, with 32.5% of patients with high IPV experiencing serious issues compared to just 7.4% of those with low IPV. Additionally, patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors had a lower rate of heart problems (12.1%) than those not on the medication (26.3%), showing that these drugs may help reduce inflammation and improve outcomes in at-risk patients. Who this helps: This benefits patients with type 2 diabetes and their doctors by providing insights on better risk assessment and treatment options.

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The study focused on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and how a protein called IL-1β can help patients who aren’t responding to standard treatments, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Researchers found that giving IL-1β to mouse models helped overcome treatment resistance by attracting immune cells to the tumor, improving the effectiveness of standard therapies. Notably, patients with higher levels of IL-1β-related genes in their tumors tend to respond better to immunotherapy, indicating a potential new approach for treatment. Who this helps: This helps lung cancer patients who are struggling with treatment resistance.

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This study looked at a specific type of bacteria called Lentilactobacillus hilgardii to see how well it can carry out malolactic fermentation, an important step in winemaking, compared to another bacteria called Oenococcus oeni. The researchers found that L. hilgardii was able to reduce malic acid from 2.5 grams per liter to less than 0.1 grams per liter in just 12 days at a lower temperature of 10°C, while O. oeni did not work at that temperature. These findings suggest that L. hilgardii may be a better choice for winemakers, especially in cooler climates, as it can help produce better wine and reduce spoilage. Who this helps: This benefits winemakers and ultimately wine consumers.

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This study focused on a type of kidney cancer called renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that has changes in a gene known as KRAS. Researchers looked at 17 patients and found three different subtypes of KRAS-mutated RCC: 35% had one type linked to papillary renal cell carcinoma, another 35% had a different subtype, and 29% had a specific subtype known as PRNRP. Notably, 41% of patients had advanced disease, showing that understanding these subtypes is crucial for better diagnosing and treating kidney cancer. Who this helps: This helps doctors and researchers better identify and treat patients with specific types of kidney cancer.

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This study looked at two types of kidney surgery for patients with localized kidney cancer: robot-assisted surgery (RAPN) and traditional open surgery (OPN). Researchers analyzed 277 patients and found that RAPN had a lower risk of complications during surgery (2% compared to 10% for OPN), less blood loss (200 mL vs. 300 mL), shorter surgery times (147 minutes vs. 170 minutes), and fewer postoperative complications (14% vs. 25%), all without affecting the long-term chances of survival or cancer recurrence. These results show that robot-assisted surgery can be safer and more efficient for certain patients. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing surgery for kidney cancer.

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This study looked at 100 patients with prostate cancer who underwent a specific type of robotic surgery called extraperitoneal robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using the Hugo™ system. Over the following year, the patients showed promising results: 80% had no detectable cancer levels, 87% maintained social continence, and 51% recovered erectile function. The researchers found that surgical times improved significantly for doctors who performed the procedure more frequently, showing that as they gained experience, the time needed for surgery decreased from 275 minutes to 210 minutes, and major complications dropped from 26% to 4%. Who this helps: This helps patients with prostate cancer by offering them safer and more efficient treatment options.

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This study looked at two surgical methods for treating kidney stones larger than 15 mm: RIRS and mini-PCNL. Researchers found that mini-PCNL is both more effective, with a stone-free rate of 94.7% compared to 88.7% for RIRS, and also more cost-efficient, costing €3,154 per treated patient versus €3,689 for RIRS. This matters because choosing mini-PCNL can lead to better outcomes and lower costs for patients and hospitals. Who this helps: This helps patients with large kidney stones seeking effective treatment options.

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This study looked at using a combination of lasers to treat facial scars caused by trauma, rather than opting for surgery, which can be riskier. A man with a 30-day-old scar saw his scar's depth and thickness reduce significantly after four sessions of this laser treatment, with his Vancouver Scar Scale score improving from 10 (severe) to 1 (minimal). This is important because it shows that non-surgical laser treatments can effectively improve the appearance of scars with little downtime and few side effects. Who this helps: Patients with traumatic facial scars who want non-surgical treatment options.

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This study looked at the viruses found in our bodies, particularly in our gut, and how they change as we age. It found that older individuals often have a different collection of viruses, with centenarians showing a richer variety and characteristics in their viral community that might help them live longer. Understanding these viral changes is important because they can influence our immune system and overall health as we age. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors working on aging and longevity.

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This study looked at a new treatment using the Optilume drug-coated balloon for men suffering from recurring urethral strictures, a condition where the urethra narrows and causes problems with urination. In 35 patients, the treatment significantly improved urinary flow, with an average increase from 10.2 to 21.6 mL/s, reduced the amount of urine left in the bladder after urination, and improved overall urinary symptoms. Importantly, only 8.6% of the patients experienced a return of their stricture within six months, and the treatment had minimal side effects. Who this helps: This helps men dealing with painful urinary issues and those looking for alternatives to more invasive surgeries.

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This study tested a new questionnaire called the Fermented Food Frequency Questionnaire (3FQ) to accurately measure how much people eat fermented foods in four different regions of Europe. It involved over 12,600 adults and found that the 3FQ reliably tracked the consumption of various fermented foods, with more than 90% of reported values matching well with other dietary recall methods. This matters because accurate information on fermented food intake can help researchers understand how these foods may affect health. Who this helps: This helps researchers and healthcare professionals studying the health impacts of fermented foods.

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This study looked at how different major health organizations recommend treating lymph node involvement in penile cancer. It found that while open surgery to remove lymph nodes is the standard treatment, new minimally invasive options are being explored, especially for early-stage cancer. The differences in guidelines show the need for consistent treatment recommendations to improve patient outcomes and reduce complications. Who this helps: This helps patients with penile cancer and their doctors.