PATRICK SCOTT COLEMAN, M.D.

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This study looked at how families, friends, and partners in Australia cope with a loved one’s alcohol or drug use, focusing on their need for support. Researchers surveyed over 1,700 people, finding that many were very distressed; 54% reported high psychological distress, and nearly 23% had thoughts of suicide. Most participants had been worried about their loved one's substance use for an average of 9.5 years, and only 34% sought specialized help. Who this helps: This research benefits families and friends of individuals struggling with substance use, as well as healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how families in England, from different income levels, buy and consume takeaway food, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers found that both higher and lower-income families see takeaway meals as a treat and a break from cooking, but lower-income families started relying on them more during the pandemic and are likely to continue this habit. Price is a barrier for everyone, but lower-income families are more influenced by special deals, highlighting the need for policies that limit unhealthy food promotions, especially for these groups. Who this helps: This benefits families, particularly those with lower incomes, by informing better food policies.

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This study focused on finding which foods can help improve children's health in the U.S. Pacific region by looking at their diets. Researchers identified six key nutrients linked to health problems like obesity and found 26 specific foods that could help address these issues. For instance, calcium was linked to lower obesity rates, and foods like milk, dairy products, and fish were recognized as beneficial, with milk showing a significant association in helping reduce obesity. Who this helps: This benefits children in the U.S. Pacific region and the health professionals working to improve their diets.

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This study looked at the eating habits and nutrition of young Filipino children living in Hawai'i, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Researchers found that the overall diet quality was low, with an average Healthy Eating Index score of 50.1 out of 100, and the lowest scores were in Guam (48.9). Improving the diets of these children is important for preventing future health issues, and tailored nutrition programs are needed to address the differences in eating habits across these areas. Who this helps: This benefits young Filipino children and their families by promoting better nutrition for healthier futures.

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This study looked at child malnutrition in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific region, examining 3,480 children across various areas. It found that over 10% of children faced multiple forms of malnutrition: 11.4% were stunted, 13.6% were obese, and a staggering 98.1% had inadequate micronutrients, especially vitamin D, while 96.2% had excess nutrients, predominantly sodium. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving children's health, particularly in regions where dietary changes are happening rapidly. Who this helps: This research benefits children in the Pacific region and the healthcare providers working to promote better nutrition.

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This study focused on identifying key proteins that can control important cellular processes through a mechanism called thiol redox sensing. Researchers developed a platform called ReDisulphID to find new drug targets and discovered that a specific protein, PEPD, has a redox sensor that activates the tumor-suppressing protein p53. They also found a compound that can directly activate p53 through this sensor, highlighting the platform's potential for drug development aimed at cancer treatment. Who this helps: This helps patients with cancer and the doctors treating them.

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The study examined how using real data from Fitbit devices can improve the assessment of cardiovascular health through a tool called Life's Essential 8 (LE8). Researchers found that higher LE8 scores, which reflect better lifestyle habits, were linked to a lower risk of heart-related diseases. Specifically, increasing physical activity by 30 minutes a week reduces heart disease risk by 23%, and getting more sleep can lower the risk by 35%. Who this helps: This helps patients looking to improve their heart health through lifestyle changes.

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This paper reviews Active Acoustic Enhancement Systems (AAESs), which use microphones and speakers to change how sound behaves in a space, making it sound better and more versatile. The authors analyze current studies and find that there are three main types of these systems—inline, regenerative, and hybrid—each with unique features for improving sound quality. This is important because better sound environments can enhance experiences in places like concert halls and classrooms. Who this helps: This benefits architects, engineers, and anyone involved in designing spaces where sound quality is crucial.

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This study examined a service led by pharmacists to review and optimize medications for adults with heart issues and diabetes. Out of 274 patients referred, 75 completed the pharmacist-led review, and 32 (or 43%) started a specific recommended treatment called SGLT2i. The service was well-received by patients, who appreciated clear communication and being involved in their treatment choices. Who this helps: This benefits patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes who are seeking better medication management.

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This study looked at how genes influence how often people engage in music activities like playing instruments or singing. Researchers found that about 10% of the differences in music engagement can be linked to genetics, identifying 21 specific genetic markers related to this. They also found connections between musical engagement and better brain functions, social interactions, and even mental health, though increased music activity might also raise the risk for mood disorders. Who this helps: This research benefits patients, especially older adults, by highlighting the importance of music in promoting healthy aging.

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This study looked at astrophysical neutrinos, which are tiny particles from outer space, using data from the IceCube detector. Researchers found that at lower energies (below about 30 TeV), the behavior of these neutrinos is different from what is observed at higher energies, indicating a more complex structure in their distribution. Specifically, they concluded that a broken power law describes the data better than a single power law, with strong support for this finding. Who this helps: This research benefits scientists studying cosmic neutrinos and their sources, helping them understand the universe better.

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This study looked at a healthy 58-year-old man who developed a serious heart infection called infective endocarditis after undergoing a dental procedure for a crown. He had to undergo double valve replacement surgery because the infection caused severe damage to his heart valves. This case shows the potential dangers of dental work, especially for people who appear healthy, and emphasizes the need for doctors to be vigilant in identifying and treating such serious conditions. Who this helps: This information is useful for dentists, doctors, and patients to understand the risks associated with dental procedures.

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This study investigated a rare complication called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) linked to a COVID-19 vaccine. Researchers found that serum from VITT patients significantly increased the activity of endothelial cells, leading to double to triple the amounts of platelets, neutrophils, and fibrin in the blood, which contributes to dangerous blood clots. This is important because it helps explain how VITT occurs and could improve diagnosis and treatment. Who this helps: This benefits patients affected by VITT and doctors treating them.

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This study looked at two dietary scoring methods to see how they relate to the health of young children aged 2 to 8 in a specific U.S. region. Researchers analyzed 2,359 children and found that those with better diet scores, particularly from the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), had lower rates of obesity and smaller waist sizes. For instance, as children's HEI-2020 scores increased, the likelihood of obesity decreased significantly across all groups of children. Who this helps: This benefits parents and healthcare providers looking to improve children's diets and health outcomes.

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This study looked at a patient who had a very rare blood type, known as Junior negative, which made it nearly impossible to find compatible blood for her during surgery. The patient, a 37-year-old woman having a scheduled cesarean section, was found to have this rare blood type that is incompatible with more than 99% of available blood products. Understanding such rare blood types is crucial because it helps improve care and safety for patients who may need blood transfusions during surgery. Who this helps: This helps patients with rare blood types and their healthcare providers.

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This study focused on creating workshops to help communities understand and improve children's nutrition and health. Over six months, workshops were held in five U.S. Pacific regions, where participants worked together to develop maps showing how different factors affect children's food systems. These workshops produced useful ideas and strategies for local programs aimed at enhancing child health. Who this helps: This benefits children and families, as well as community leaders involved in nutrition initiatives.

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The study looked at the availability of healthy foods in stores across several locations in the Pacific region of the U.S., including Alaska, Guam, and Hawaii. The researchers found that most of the foods they surveyed were available in at least one store, but local food items were limited, with only 8 to 27 available depending on the area. Understanding food availability is important for promoting better nutrition and preserving local food cultures. Who this helps: This benefits patients, communities, and nutritionists working to improve local diets.

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This study looked at a specific model used to understand certain types of materials and their properties, particularly focusing on how their internal order behaves. The researchers found that a key factor, called the correlation radius, increases significantly in a phase that shows a particular type of order, which means that the elements of the system stay connected rather than becoming independent. These findings matter because they help clarify how complex materials behave, which is crucial for developing better technologies like superconductors. Who this helps: This helps researchers and scientists studying materials and their properties.

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This study focused on improving how Fitbit devices measure sleep by creating a new algorithm that better accounts for individual sleep patterns. The researchers found that this new approach identified 401,777 additional nights of primary sleep data that the original algorithm had missed and showed that people with flexible sleep schedules tended to get about 17.6 more minutes of sleep but also experienced more awakenings during the night and slightly lower overall sleep quality. This improvement in measuring sleep patterns is important because it helps provide a more accurate picture of people's sleep habits, which can lead to better health insights and personalized care. Who this helps: Patients and healthcare providers seeking better understanding and management of sleep health.

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This study looked at how certain electronic structures in materials can lead to the formation of pair density waves, which are important for understanding new states of matter. The researchers found that when electrons move within a specific model system, they tend to group together in pairs, creating a pattern called pair density waves. This is important because it reveals new ways to understand complex materials, which can lead to advancements in technology like superconductors. Who this helps: This helps researchers and scientists working on advanced materials and potentially leads to better technologies for everyone.

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This study looked at how children's intake of vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) affects obesity and insulin resistance in kids aged 2 to 8 from the United States-Affiliated Pacific region. Researchers found that most children did not get enough key micronutrients, and those who had lower calcium and certain other nutrients were more likely to be obese or show signs of insulin resistance. This is important because improving children's micronutrient intake could help reduce obesity rates and related health issues. Who this helps: This benefits parents and healthcare providers working to improve children's nutritional health.

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This study looked at a type of unusual metal called a strange ferromagnet, specifically focusing on how it behaves at a critical point where its magnetic properties change. Researchers found that the Grüneisen ratio, which helps understand these changes, showed significant variation, indicating complex behavior in the material with a specific dynamical critical exponent of 3. This discovery may lead to new insights in physics by linking these materials' behaviors to larger quantum effects, which are important for understanding many other advanced materials. Who this helps: This helps researchers and physicists working on quantum materials and their properties.

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This study focuses on the LandScan Global dataset, which provides a detailed map of where people live around the world from 2000 to 2022. The dataset uses advanced models to break down population information from census data to show how many people live in specific areas, which helps identify populations at risk during emergencies. This is particularly useful in crises like natural disasters or conflicts; for example, it played a role in responses to the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the ongoing Ukraine crisis. Who this helps: This benefits emergency responders, humanitarian organizations, and governments in their efforts to assist affected populations during crises.

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This study looked for very high-energy neutrinos using over 12 years of data from the IceCube detector. Researchers found that there were no detections of neutrinos above 10 PeV, setting the strongest limits to date on how many of these neutrinos are out there, specifically at a level of roughly one-tenth of a billion per square centimeter per second. They also determined that no more than 70% of the highest energy cosmic rays can be made up of protons, challenging previous ideas that only protons might be involved. Who this helps: This research is beneficial for physicists studying cosmic rays and neutrinos, improving our understanding of the universe's most extreme phenomena.

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This study focuses on the mental health of farmers and farmworkers in England who are affected by flooding and droughts. Researchers plan to conduct a national online survey and follow-up interviews to understand how these environmental challenges impact mental well-being and to identify effective coping strategies. They aim to gather data over the next two years, ultimately using their findings to create support programs for those in the farming community. Who this helps: This research benefits farmers and farmworkers facing mental health issues due to climate-related stressors.

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This study looked at how a drug called PF-543 can slow down liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, or HCC) in mice. The researchers found that PF-543 successfully reduced cancer growth and prevented the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow, which was shown by a significant decrease in tumor progression in the treated mice. This matters because PF-543 offers a new way to fight HCC by disrupting the energy supply that fuels tumor growth, potentially leading to safer treatment options for patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with liver cancer and their doctors seeking more effective treatment options.

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This study looked at how the weight of piglets at birth affects their meat quality, focusing on normal weight and low birth weight pigs. It found that low birth weight pigs can catch up in size and produce meat quality similar to normal weight pigs when fed a high-fat diet, particularly one that includes dairy. For example, low birth weight pigs on a dairy fat diet had larger muscle fibers and less back fat, making their meat yield comparable to that of the heavier pigs. Who this helps: This helps farmers and meat producers improve the quality of pork from low birth weight pigs.

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This study looked at the practical experiences of radiography students in Australia and Ethiopia to understand what makes these experiences satisfying or dissatisfying. Researchers found that when students feel a strong sense of connection and belonging during their placements, their clinical performance improves. This insight is important because it shows that enhancing students' relationships and sense of community during their training can lead to better outcomes in healthcare work. Who this helps: This helps radiography students and their educators.

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This study looked at health literacy among parents and caregivers of young children in the US-Affiliated Pacific and found that certain social factors make it harder for them to understand health information. For example, parents who primarily speak a language other than English are nearly twice as likely to have low health literacy, while those with a household income under $35,000 are more than twice as likely to struggle with health information as well. Improving health literacy in these communities is important for helping families better access and use health care resources. Who this helps: This benefits parents and caregivers, especially those in low-income or non-English-speaking households.

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This study looked at what influences how parents decide to feed their babies in their first 18 months, focusing on differences among families with varying incomes in the UK. Researchers found that parents, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, often turned to commercial baby foods due to limited time, lack of partner support, confusion about feeding, and trust in brand messaging. These challenges increase the risk of unhealthy eating habits in children, highlighting the need for policy changes like better parental leave, clearer food labeling, and improved childcare access to support healthier feeding practices. Who this helps: This helps parents and their children, especially those from lower-income families.

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This study looked at children aged 5 to 8 in the US-Affiliated Pacific region to see how many met the recommended guidelines for physical activity, sleep, and screen time. It found that only 27% of these children met all three guidelines, with very high rates for physical activity (98%) and lower rates for sleep (78%) and screen time (35%). This is important because many children are not getting a healthy balance of movement, rest, and screen use, which can affect their overall health and development. Who this helps: This research helps parents and health professionals who are looking to improve children's health habits.

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The study looked at how the cultural backgrounds of parents affect the health of their young children in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands, Alaska, and Hawai'i. Researchers found that children of parents who strongly identified with traditional cultures were less likely to be overweight or have larger waist sizes compared to those whose parents mixed various cultural identities. This is important because it highlights the role of cultural identity in childhood health, suggesting that future health programs should engage more with cultures to help reduce obesity in children. Who this helps: This information benefits parents, health programs, and organizations focused on childhood obesity prevention.

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This study focuses on the case of an 87-year-old woman who faced serious complications during a knee surgery due to a severe infection and an event known as bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS). During the surgery, she suddenly dropped in blood pressure and went into cardiac arrest despite immediate resuscitation efforts lasting 45 minutes, ultimately leading to her death. This case highlights the risks of BCIS during joint surgeries and emphasizes the need for medical teams to be well-prepared for such emergencies. Who this helps: This information helps doctors, especially anesthesiologists and orthopedic surgeons, improve patient safety during joint replacement surgeries.

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This study looked at how sleep patterns affect the risk of chronic diseases using data from over 6,700 participants who regularly used commercial wearable devices to track their sleep. Researchers found that getting enough rapid eye movement (REM) and deep sleep reduced the chances of developing conditions like atrial fibrillation, while irregular sleep was linked to a higher risk of obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, depression, and anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of good sleep habits in preventing serious health issues. Who this helps: This helps patients and healthcare providers by emphasizing the role of sleep in maintaining overall health.

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This study looked at how historical trauma affects Native Hawaiian women, known as Wāhine, focusing on their unique experiences. Researchers interviewed 13 Wāhine and found significant themes related to pain and suffering, showing that societal issues like sexism and patriarchy add to their trauma. The findings highlight the need for urgent changes to support the healing and well-being of these women. Who this helps: This helps Native Hawaiian women and the communities that support them.

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This research discusses the ongoing problem of poor diets that are unhealthy, unsustainable, and unequal, despite recent efforts to improve them. The study highlights the importance of understanding the full context of people's lives—such as their economic and social situations—to create better health policies and interventions. By introducing a new tool to consider these factors, the hope is to make interventions more effective and equitable for everyone, especially in addressing dietary inequalities. Who this helps: This benefits policymakers, health practitioners, and individuals facing dietary challenges.

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This study looked at how having enough food at home affects the diet quality of children aged 2 to 8 in the US-affiliated Pacific region. Researchers found that over half of the children in places like American Samoa and Guam lived in food-insecure households. Overall, kids in food-secure households had better diets, while those in food-insecure households tended to eat less healthy foods. Who this helps: This benefits children and families dealing with food insecurity.

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This study looked at unusual electrical behaviors in a specific type of material called strange metal, using a technique that involves high-energy X-rays. The researchers found that when the metal was put under certain conditions, its electrical signals changed in a noticeable way, splitting into two distinct signals instead of one. This finding is important because it could help scientists better understand the unique properties of strange metals and how they behave, which might lead to new technologies. Who this helps: This helps researchers and materials scientists working on advanced materials.

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Researchers studied how much children aged 2-5 years eat in different early care and education settings in the US Affiliated Pacific. They found that children in Head Start programs consumed more fruits (0.8 cup-equivalents), vegetables (0.4 cup-equivalents), and milk (0.9 cup-equivalents) compared to those not in any program (0.6, 0.3, and 0.8 cup-equivalents, respectively). This is important because 65% of Head Start children met the recommended dietary intake for essential nutrients, showing that early education programs can significantly improve children's diets. Who this helps: This helps children in early education programs and their families.

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This study looked at how certain materials, specifically UTe₂ and CeRh₂As₂, could become superconductors through a unique pairing of electrons caused by their structure and interactions between particles. The researchers found that this special arrangement of atoms helps create a specific type of electron pairing known as "spin-triplet pairs," which is essential for superconductivity. This matters because understanding these mechanisms can lead to the development of better superconductors that work at higher temperatures. Who this helps: This helps researchers and developers working on advanced materials for electronics and energy applications.

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This study followed 558 children aged 2 to 8 years over two years to see how their diets, specifically carbohydrate and sugar intake, affected the development of a skin condition called acanthosis nigricans (AN), which is linked to type 2 diabetes. The findings showed that for each teaspoon of added sugar consumed, the likelihood of developing AN increased by 13%, and for each serving of starchy foods, the risk went up by 12%. This is important because it highlights how dietary choices, particularly the consumption of sugary and starchy foods, can influence health risks in children. Who this helps: This research benefits parents and healthcare providers focused on preventing diabetes in children.

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This study investigated how a specific sensor in our cells called cGAS, which detects DNA, can influence blood pressure. The researchers found that when cGAS is activated, it produces a molecule called cGAMP that helps activate a protein (PKGI) that lowers blood pressure. This process was shown to be significant, especially during septic conditions, reducing blood pressure and potentially leading to problems like low blood flow to tissues. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with cardiovascular disease and those experiencing sepsis.

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This study looked at the eating habits of children aged 2 to 8 in the US-Affiliated Pacific, focusing on how the quality of their diets varied based on where they lived and their region's income level. Researchers found that children in Alaska had the best diet quality, with an average score of 63.3 on the Healthy Eating Index, while children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands had the lowest, scoring only 50.1. These findings are important because they highlight significant differences in diet quality that can affect children's health, and understanding these differences can help improve nutrition programs in the Pacific. Who this helps: This helps children and families in the Pacific by informing better nutrition programs.

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This study looked at how aging cells in blood vessels contribute to the early breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Researchers found that specific aging cells, called senescent endothelial cells, were present in the blood vessels of mice with AD, leading to increased leakage and loss of barrier function. In these mice, areas where the barrier broke down had lower levels of important proteins, like claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, suggesting that targeting these aging cells and repairing the blood-brain barrier could be promising new treatment approaches for Alzheimer's. Who this helps: Patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers.

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This study looked at a backyard gardening program called MALAMA, designed to help Native Hawaiians reclaim their traditional food practices and improve their wellbeing. The researchers found that participants developed stronger connections to their culture, traditional foods, and community through the program, leading to increased participation among Native Hawaiians. The results highlight the importance of culturally relevant initiatives in addressing food insecurity and health issues in these communities. Who this helps: Native Hawaiian communities seeking to improve food security and cultural connections.

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This research looked at how certain types of metals with low amounts of charge carriers can still become superconductors, which means they can conduct electricity without resistance. The study found that energy fluctuations can create attractive forces that lead to superconductivity in these metals, specifically in materials like doped SrTiO. This is important because it helps understand how superconductivity works in unusual materials, potentially paving the way for new technologies. Who this helps: This helps researchers and developers working on advanced electronic materials and technologies.

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This study looked at how people in the US-affiliated Pacific region define traditional and modern foods, especially fruits and vegetables. Researchers surveyed 10 areas and found that while 75 foods were seen as modern (or "aculturated") and only 37 as traditional, most jurisdictions agreed on what these terms meant. This information is important for promoting better nutrition and sustainability, as it helps understand local food sources and cultural identity. Who this helps: This helps patients, nutritionists, and local farmers.

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This study explored a specific model of materials called the Kondo lattice, which helps scientists understand complex electronic behaviors. Researchers discovered new types of pairing in these materials, such as odd-frequency pairing and the formation of a pair density wave, which can occur even with weak interactions. This finding is significant because it reveals novel behaviors in quantum materials that could lead to advancements in technology like quantum computing. Who this helps: This helps researchers and developers working on advanced materials and quantum technologies.