NATHANIEL LARS GRAHAM, M.D.

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This study looked at the blood profiles of former elite rugby players to understand how repeated head injuries might affect their brain health. They found that about 12% of the players showed signs of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, but none had dementia. The players had lower levels of specific proteins associated with brain health, particularly those who played as forwards, which might indicate changes due to their exposure to head impacts. Who this helps: This research benefits former athletes, particularly rugby players, by providing insights into their brain health risks.

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This study looked at retired athletes from contact sports who are facing memory and thinking problems, examining how head injuries can affect their brain health. The researchers noted challenges in diagnosing their conditions due to various possible causes, including Alzheimer's and other brain diseases. They proposed a practical approach for doctors to assess these athletes more effectively, focusing on testing and treatment options that could help improve their quality of life. Who this helps: This benefits retired athletes and their doctors by providing clearer ways to manage cognitive health concerns.

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This study looked at how well two drugs, sapacitabine and olaparib, work together in patients with advanced breast cancer who have specific genetic mutations (BRCA1/2). Out of ten patients treated, 50% saw their tumors shrink, with some experiencing benefits lasting over 15 months. While the combination caused significant side effects related to blood health, the promising response rates indicate that exploring these drugs further could be beneficial for treating this type of cancer. Who this helps: This primarily helps patients with BRCA1/2-mutated metastatic breast cancer.

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This study looked at how different chemical treatments can modify natural organic matter in order to improve the process of coagulation, which helps remove contaminants from drinking water. The researchers found that hypochlorite significantly increased the size of the flocs (clumps that form during coagulation) by 44% at certain concentrations, while hydrogen peroxide had a mixed effect at different doses, and sodium borohydride also enhanced floc growth but only up to a point before its effectiveness decreased. Understanding these interactions helps make water treatment processes more effective, ensuring cleaner drinking water. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and the communities they serve by improving water quality.

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Researchers studied how to reduce the prickles on blackberry and raspberry plants, which make handling and harvesting difficult and increase costs for farmers. They discovered specific genetic changes that can eliminate these prickles without affecting other important traits in the plants. By using gene editing, they successfully created prickless versions of elite blackberry varieties, streamlining the breeding process and making these crops easier to manage. Who this helps: This benefits farmers and growers by providing them with easier-to-harvest plant varieties.

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This study looked at how well a method called expectant management works for women with tubal ectopic pregnancies, using new data from 798 cases. They found that this approach was successful in 64% of the women who chose it, which translates to 26% of all women with this type of pregnancy complication. Knowing the initial hormone levels and the size of the ectopic pregnancy helps doctors better inform patients about their chances of success with this management option. Who this helps: This helps women with tubal ectopic pregnancies and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how air pollution levels in the U.S. might change by 2050 due to climate change efforts. They found that ground-level ozone pollution is expected to drop from an average of 58.3 parts per billion (ppbv) in 2010 to between 47.3 and 54.1 ppbv, while fine particulate matter (PM) could decrease significantly, but some areas may still see high pollution levels. Importantly, while pollution disparities between white and Black communities are narrowing, they are increasing between white and Asian groups, indicating that certain neighborhoods are still more affected, which shows the need for policies that address these inequalities directly. Who this helps: This helps policymakers, environmental health advocates, and communities affected by air pollution.

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This study looked at how certain harmful chemicals (PFAS) interact with organic material from algae in freshwater, affecting drinking water quality. The researchers found that these interactions led to a significant reduction in the natural compounds that help purify water, which increased the formation of potentially harmful by-products by more than 90% when PFAS were present. The study highlights the importance of combining different water treatment methods to better handle contaminants from these PFAS-algal combinations, reducing risks to public health. Who this helps: This benefits patients and communities relying on clean drinking water.

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This study looked at a new recovery approach called Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for patients undergoing hip and knee replacements. It found that those following the ERAS program had a shorter hospital stay, averaging just 1 day, compared to 3 days for patients receiving standard care, also leading to an estimated cost saving of about £719 per patient. Even though the ERAS group showed lower rates of complications like infections and readmissions, these differences were not significant enough to be statistically meaningful. Who this helps: This benefits patients undergoing hip and knee surgeries by providing a quicker recovery and lower hospital costs.

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This study examined how lignin nanoparticles, tiny particles made from plant material, can be used to kill bacteria and fungi in biofilms that form in water treatment systems. When just 1 milligram of these nanoparticles was added per liter of water, they reduced the amount of bacteria and fungi by more than 98% and significantly lowered the harmful substances in the biofilm. This matters because it offers an effective and environmentally friendly way to manage microbial growth in water treatment processes. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and the communities they serve by improving water quality.

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This study examined the effects of a combination treatment using atezolizumab and targeted radiation therapy on patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that had spread to the brain. Researchers found that patients had a median progression-free survival of 1.3 months and a median overall survival of 9.7 months, with 66.7% experiencing some side effects. This is important because it sheds light on treatment options for a patient group that typically has limited choices and poor outcomes. Who this helps: This helps patients with triple-negative breast cancer and brain metastases.

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This study explored how peer coaching among nurses can improve healthcare delivery. The results showed that using this collaborative approach led to better clinical skills and patient outcomes, with a clear increase in the use of evidence-based practices. This is important because it not only enhances the quality of care but also supports the growth of nursing professionals. Who this helps: This benefits patients, nurses, and healthcare leaders.

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This study focused on improving the delivery of genes to specific cells using modified viruses, known as adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). The researchers developed a method called MATCH that allows them to easily attach proteins to the virus, directing it to target cells more effectively. They found that the modified AAVs could successfully reach and affect about 58% of certain immune cells in the lab, and they achieved up to an 84-fold increase in gene delivery to brain cells in animal models. Who this helps: This research benefits patients, especially those with neurological disorders, by potentially improving gene therapy treatments.

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The BioDIGS project explored the variety of microorganisms in soil by bringing together students, researchers, and educators from over 40 different institutions. They worked together to collect soil samples and analyze data to see how these tiny organisms connect with environmental conditions and human health. This research is important because it helps us understand how soil quality can impact health and the environment. Who this helps: This benefits farmers, environmental scientists, and public health officials.

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In this study, researchers compared two ways to give breast cancer medications, trastuzumab and pertuzumab: one through an IV (intravenous) drip and the other under the skin (subcutaneous). They found that using the subcutaneous method saved patients about 61.8 minutes in the treatment chair and reduced the overall treatment experience by 81.8 minutes. This is important because it means patients spend less time at the clinic, which can make their treatment journey more manageable and pleasant. Who this helps: This helps breast cancer patients by making their treatment faster and more comfortable.

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This study looked at how frequently a type of mental health diagnosis called "other specified paraphilic disorder" (OSPD) is used in evaluations for individuals labeled as sexually violent predators (SVP). The researchers found that OSPD was the second most common diagnosis after pedophilic disorder, but independent evaluators often disagreed about whether someone should receive this diagnosis, showing only a fair agreement rate of 0.21. This is important because reliable diagnoses are crucial for deciding if someone can be committed as an SVP, and vague terminology could affect these important legal outcomes. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing SVP evaluations and the doctors conducting these assessments.

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This study looked at how Canadian environmental organizations use the news media to talk about climate change. It found that while these groups have a significant impact on shaping the conversation, the focus is often on technological solutions rather than addressing deeper social issues and power dynamics related to climate action. Additionally, discussions about environmental justice, especially regarding Indigenous rights, are becoming more prominent, offering new opportunities for these organizations to influence the climate change narrative. Who this helps: This helps environmental organizations, Indigenous communities, and advocates for climate justice.

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Researchers studied blood protein levels in people who had experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) to better understand how these injuries affect the body and to improve diagnosis. They found 16 proteins that were present in different amounts in those with TBI compared to healthy individuals, including key markers linked to nerve damage and inflammation. This finding helps identify specific injury patterns, which could lead to better overall treatment and recovery strategies for TBI patients. Who this helps: This benefits patients with traumatic brain injuries and their doctors by providing more accurate assessments and potential treatment paths.

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This study examined how humic acid (HA), a substance found in natural water, changes when the pH level varies. It found that when HA was adjusted back to neutral after being exposed to extreme pH levels (either acidic or alkaline), its structure changed permanently, leading to a significant decrease in harmful disinfection by-products formed, with reductions of 24.1% for haloacetic acids and 31.5% for trihalomethanes in acidic conditions, while increases of 16.1% and 26.2% were observed in alkaline conditions. Understanding these changes is crucial for improving how we treat water and control harmful substances produced during disinfection. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and public health agencies.

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This study looked at two ways to clean slow sand filters used for water treatment: a method called dry skimming, where the filter has to be drained, and a new underwater skimming method that allows cleaning while the filter is still full of water. The findings showed that underwater skimming led to better water quality right after cleaning, with lower levels of harmful bacteria—total coliforms were found at levels ranging from 1 to 109 in underwater skimmed filters, compared to 1 to 1414 in dry skimmed filters. This is important because better water quality means safer drinking water and more efficient use of filtration systems. Who this helps: This helps water treatment facilities and the communities they serve by offering safer drinking water and improving filtration efficiency.

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This study looked at how effective a treatment combining ribociclib and spartalizumab, with or without another drug called fulvestrant, is for patients with advanced breast or ovarian cancer. They found that the maximum safe dose for this combination was 600 mg, but while some patients experienced positive responses, such as two partial recoveries (13.3%), the treatment also caused significant side effects, like liver problems, in over half of the participants. This research is important because it helps identify which treatments may not be worth pursuing further, allowing doctors to focus on safer and more effective options. Who this helps: This helps doctors and researchers working with cancer patients.

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This study looked at the grief experienced by family members, like grandparents and siblings, after a perinatal loss, which is when a baby dies before or shortly after birth. The research found that these relatives face uniquely complicated grief, feeling unsupported and often overlooked, making them particularly vulnerable to emotional distress. This matters because understanding their experiences can help doctors provide better support and care during such a difficult time, especially as access to reproductive healthcare becomes more restricted. Who this helps: This helps families dealing with the loss of a baby, as well as healthcare providers who support them.

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This study focused on the impact of artificial beaver dams, known as beaver dam analogs (BDAs), on harmful protozoa found in water. Researchers found that after installing BDAs in a California stream, the concentration of these pathogens dropped significantly—by 81%—in the water downstream. This is important because it suggests that BDAs not only help restore natural habitats but also lead to cleaner and safer water for nearby communities. Who this helps: This benefits communities using the water for drinking and recreation, as well as resource managers aiming to improve ecosystem health.

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This study looked at how adding certain metal salts to traditional iron-based coagulants can improve the process of cleaning water. Researchers found that adding aluminum and zirconium significantly boosted the coagulant's effectiveness, resulting in better removal of harmful substances such as organic materials and phosphates. Understanding these enhancements is important because it can lead to better water treatment methods, ultimately making water safer and cleaner for everyone. Who this helps: This helps patients and communities that rely on clean drinking water.

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This study looked at rugby tackles in Scottish men's community rugby to see if lowering the maximum legal height of tackles helped reduce head injuries. Researchers analyzed 18,702 tackles from two seasons and found that while tackles made contact with players' heads more often overall, head-to-head collisions decreased significantly by 45%, with a drop from 1.12 down to 0.55. This is important because it indicates that lowering tackle height helped change player behavior in a way that lowers the risk of serious head injuries. Who this helps: This helps players by reducing their risk of concussions and head injuries.

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This study looked at the impact of lowering the maximum legal tackle height in Scottish women’s rugby from just above the shoulders to below the sternum in order to reduce the risk of concussion. The researchers found that this change led to a significant decrease in head-to-head and head-to-shoulder contact during tackles, which are key risk factors for concussion. While the rates of concussion for tacklers fell from 2.83 to 0.52 per 1,000 match hours, the concussion rates for ball-carriers increased from 1.89 to 4.70 per 1,000 match hours, suggesting that further research is needed to fully understand the effects of these safety changes. Who this helps: This benefits players and coaches in women's rugby by promoting safer playing conditions.

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This study looked at slow sand filters, which are used to clean water, to see how underwater skimming techniques might affect the filtering process. Researchers found that while some small particles could move downward during skimming, using sand that is more than 500 millimeters deep largely prevented this problem. Overall, more than 90% of the filtering issues happened in the top layers, and these methods safely captured harmful particles, showing that underwater skimming can maintain water quality. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and the communities that rely on clean drinking water.

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This study focused on the genome of the Pinus radiata tree, commonly known as Monterey pine, which is widely planted but facing threats such as pests and climate change. Researchers mapped out its complex genome and discovered that its effective population size has decreased significantly, which means there are fewer trees capable of reproducing effectively. They found that genomic tools could improve breeding strategies by using fewer markers than previously thought—around 30,000 instead of the current estimate. Who this helps: This benefits tree farmers and conservationists working to improve the survival of Monterey pine and ensure healthier forests.

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This study looked at how well Lynch syndrome testing is being implemented for patients with endometrial cancer in the UK and Ireland. Researchers analyzed data from 2,549 patients and found that while 91% underwent mismatch repair (MMR) testing, only 27.6% were found to have MMR deficiencies. This matters because timely diagnosis can lead to better patient outcomes, but there are significant gaps in genetic counseling and testing that need to be addressed to ensure more people receive proper care. Who this helps: This helps patients with endometrial cancer and their healthcare providers.

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This study focused on how phosphate affects a specific water treatment process called coagulation-ultrafiltration-nanofiltration (CUF-NF). Researchers found that as phosphate levels increased from 0 to 0.2 mM, the formation of clumps (or flocs) needed to remove contaminants dropped significantly—by 56% for iron salts and 37% for aluminum salts—and the ability to remove dissolved organic carbon decreased from 34.4% to just 14%. However, the quality of the treated water improved, with the nanofiltration stage removing up to 20.2% of dissolved organic carbon despite higher phosphate levels, which also reduced harmful byproducts in the water by over 80%. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and public health by improving water quality and safety.

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This study focused on finding a better way to remove tiny plastic particles, known as nanoplastics, from water, which can be harmful to both drinking water and human health. The researchers developed a new method using iron to create special structures called nanosheets that can trap and remove nanoplastics more effectively. Their approach improved the removal rate by showing higher efficiency in tests with natural water samples, compared to traditional methods. Who this helps: Patients and communities using drinking water.

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This study looked at how much time people with Crohn's disease spend sitting versus being active and how this affects their quality of life. It found that the average person with Crohn's sat for about 9.14 hours a day, and younger individuals tended to be less active, possibly due to their office jobs. Additionally, those who were more active reported better physical health and quality of life. Who this helps: Patients with Crohn's disease can benefit from understanding the importance of physical activity to improve their health and well-being.

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This study looked at how bothered cancer patients are by their treatment side effects and how this connection relates to them stopping their treatment early. Researchers found that patients who reported severe bother from side effects were 2.8 to 6.8 times more likely to discontinue their treatment early compared to those who reported only moderate or low bother. This is important because understanding patients' experiences of side effects can help doctors find ways to support them and encourage them to stick with their treatment. Who this helps: Patients receiving cancer treatment.

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This study examined how a specific chemical structure in natural organic matter, particularly the presence of a benzene ring, affects the removal of pollutants during water treatment. The researchers found that the benzene ring actively helps attract metal ions essential for coagulation, leading to better floc formation and improved water purification. Their findings show that using compounds with benzene structures can significantly enhance the efficiency of removing harmful substances from water. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and the communities they serve by improving water quality.

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This study looked at how UK universities can change their approach to drug use among students by adopting harm reduction strategies, rather than strict zero-tolerance policies. Researchers found that while both staff and students supported harm reduction, many were confused about what it meant and whether their university had a policy in place. Clear communication, community support, and involving everyone in the conversation are crucial to successfully shifting towards these more supportive strategies. Who this helps: This helps students and staff at universities.

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This research paper discusses how a group in Ontario created a set of guidelines to improve care focused on patients' needs. The guidelines include three main principles and practical recommendations aimed at promoting patient independence and breaking down barriers to care. The findings highlight the importance of strong leadership in creating a supportive environment where patients’ voices and experiences are prioritized. Who this helps: This benefits patients and healthcare providers by fostering better care practices.

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This study looked at how patients with multiple myeloma feel about the side effects of their treatment and whether those feelings affect their likelihood of stopping treatment early. Out of 1,058 patients, 142 (about 13.4%) stopped their treatment due to side effects. Patients who reported high levels of bother from side effects were much more likely to discontinue treatment—up to four times more likely at certain points in their treatment. This matters because understanding patients' experiences can help doctors identify who may struggle with treatment and support them better. Who this helps: Patients with multiple myeloma and their doctors.

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This study looked at using a natural chemical called chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQAS) to replace a common substance, aluminum ferric chloride, in the process of removing water from sewage sludge. The researchers found that CQAS could replace more than 80% of the aluminum ferric chloride used, leading to a greater than 50% reduction in the conductivity of the sludge, which means less potential pollution. This is important because it suggests a more environmentally friendly way to manage sewage sludge, resulting in cleaner disposal and higher quality end products. Who this helps: This helps wastewater treatment facilities and the environment.

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This study focused on a new method for converting low levels of nitrate into ammonia using a special type of catalyst. Researchers found that by using a pulsed electro-catalysis technique, they achieved an impressive 81.2% efficiency in converting nitrate, with a production rate of 1.08 mg of ammonia per hour. This advancement is significant because it improves the process of making ammonia, which is important for agriculture and environmental cleanup. Who this helps: This benefits farmers, environmental scientists, and industries looking to reduce nitrate pollution.

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In this study, researchers tested a drug called taselisib combined with existing HER2-targeted treatments for patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer, who often face challenges due to treatment resistance. They found the maximum safe dose of taselisib to be 4 mg daily, but also noted that 34 out of 68 patients experienced serious side effects, including diarrhea and fatigue. After nearly four years, patients taking the combination treatments had varying periods without cancer progression, with the best result showing a median of 10.6 months without disease worsening. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer looking for more effective treatment options.

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This study explored how a specific molecular pathway in the gut, called the epithelialaxis, regulates inflammation and energy use in intestinal cells. Researchers found that when this pathway is disrupted in mice, it leads to an imbalance in gut bacteria and worsens inflammation-related issues like colitis. Specifically, the loss of two proteins, C15ORF48 and miR-147-3p, significantly increased inflammation levels and disrupted gut health. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with gastrointestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.

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This study looked at how different surface textures of graphene oxide membranes affect the growth of biofilms and the fouling of these membranes when used for cleaning natural water over 110 days. The researchers found that smoother, more water-attracting membranes (Fe(OH)/GO) led to thinner biofilms that allowed for better water flow, while rougher membranes resulted in thicker biofilms and more fouling. Overall, all the membranes filtered water effectively throughout the study, which is important for practical water treatment solutions. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and environmental engineers working to improve water purification methods.

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This study looked at dissolved organic matter (DOM) in grassland soils across China and how it relates to cancer rates and soil health. Researchers analyzed samples from 89 locations and found that certain types of DOM were linked to cancer cases; specifically, lower levels of certain substances correlated with higher instances of nasopharyngeal and pancreatic cancers. This information is important because understanding these connections can help improve soil management and potentially reduce health risks in different regions. Who this helps: Patients at risk for nasopharyngeal and pancreatic cancers, as well as local policymakers.

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This study focused on adapting a social-emotional learning program called ENGAGE to better support Indigenous students in a school on a tribal nation. Researchers worked with community members to identify important cultural values, leading to five key themes: understanding resilience, fostering culture, building relationships, recognizing educators' roles, and supporting each other. These findings are crucial for creating educational programs that effectively address the unique needs of Indigenous students, helping to improve their mental health and academic success. Who this helps: This helps Indigenous students and the educators who support them.

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Researchers developed a new sensor that can quickly and accurately detect a protein called GFAP, which is important for diagnosing neurological diseases. This sensor is more sensitive than existing methods, with the ability to detect even tiny amounts of the protein, down to 754.5 attograms per milliliter. This is important because it could allow doctors to diagnose conditions like Alzheimer's and brain injuries more easily and affordably, even in clinics with limited resources. Who this helps: This helps doctors and patients by providing a better way to detect neurological diseases.

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This study examined how a cleaning method called underwater skimming affects oxygen levels in slow sand filters, which are used to treat drinking water. Researchers found that maintaining enough dissolved oxygen is vital for the filter's efficiency, especially in a layer called the Schmutzdecke. They discovered that using a consistent flow of water during the skimming process helps restore oxygen levels more quickly, improving the overall water treatment system's performance. Who this helps: This benefits water treatment facilities and the communities they serve by ensuring cleaner drinking water.

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This study explored a new method to improve the process of turning nitrates into ammonia using a special type of material made with copper and chromium. Researchers found that this new material reached a remarkable efficiency of 91.6% in the conversion process and was more stable over time, making it a better option than previous methods. This advancement is important because it can lead to more efficient ways to produce ammonia, which is vital for fertilizers and other applications, while also reducing energy usage. Who this helps: This benefits farmers and industries that need ammonia for fertilizer production.

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This study looked at how to better predict potential problems during pregnancy for women who have previously experienced a stillbirth or a loss of a newborn. Researchers analyzed data from 504 women and found that 22% faced adverse outcomes, such as stillbirth or low birth weight. They discovered that predictions about these outcomes could improve as the pregnancy progressed, with accuracy increasing from 59% to 74% from 24 to 36 weeks of pregnancy. Who this helps: This information benefits expectant mothers with a history of pregnancy loss and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at the growth patterns of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in men and women. Researchers found that while men and women had similar overall changes in size, women experienced faster growth in certain areas of the aneurysm, with growth rates of 1.33 cm/year in the front and 1.56 cm/year on the right side, compared to 0.89 cm/year and 0.74 cm/year for men. This research is important because it highlights that women may be at greater risk for dangerous AAA changes, even if their overall size and volume appear similar to men's. Who this helps: Doctors and patients, especially women at risk for AAA.

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This study looked at how low levels of PFAS (a type of chemical found in water) affect the process of cleaning drinking water. Researchers found that PFAS can help create larger clumps of dirt (called flocs) which can be easier to remove, but they also cause filters to get clogged more quickly. At a low concentration of 0.1 micrograms per liter, floc size increased by 1.6 times, and the efficiency of the membrane filtration dropped by over 10%. This research matters because it shows that while PFAS can improve certain aspects of water treatment, they also lead to significant issues that can complicate the process. Who this helps: This helps water treatment facilities and the communities they serve.