MARC ESPY RANKIN, M.D.

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This study looked at whether people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) feel more apathy than those without brain injuries. Researchers found that individuals with TBI were almost twice as likely (1.98 times) to show significant apathy compared to healthy individuals. This increased apathy was linked to lower engagement in daily activities and reduced life satisfaction, meaning addressing apathy could improve the quality of life for those affected. Who this helps: This helps patients with traumatic brain injuries and their caregivers.

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This study looked at how chikungunya arthritis (CA) develops and persists, particularly focusing on why some people suffer from long-term joint pain after infection with the chikungunya virus. Researchers reviewed 35 relevant studies and found that persistent viral components in the joints, inflammation, and specific immune responses contribute to the chronic pain. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial because it can lead to better treatments for those who experience long-lasting arthritis from this virus. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from chikungunya arthritis and healthcare providers looking for effective treatment options.

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This study focused on how to improve the use of antibiotics for children undergoing surgery at Princess Marina Hospital in Botswana, where inappropriate use of these medications was found in all pediatric surgical patients. After implementing a standard guide for antibiotic use, the results were promising: appropriate use increased significantly from 50.8% to 93.4% in pediatric surgery and from 10.3% to 89.7% in orthopedics, among others, meaning that more doctors prescribed antibiotics correctly after the new guidelines were introduced. This improvement is important as it helps combat antibiotic resistance and ensures better treatment for children. Who this helps: This benefits pediatric patients and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how sleep patterns and daily activity relate to thinking abilities in people who are at risk for Huntington's disease but haven't been diagnosed yet. Researchers found that 36 individuals at risk for the disease did worse on tasks requiring quick responses compared to 42 healthy individuals. In particular, those with more interrupted sleep performed worse on several cognitive tests, highlighting the need for good sleep to support mental function before the disease is officially diagnosed. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk for Huntington's disease and their doctors.

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This study looked at how different trainers think while watching trainees perform colonoscopies. Eleven trainers shared their thoughts out loud while watching videos of three different procedures, and the analysis showed that there were notable differences in their reactions and comments. This matters because it reveals that trainers may not think or evaluate the same way, which could impact the training consistency that future colonoscopy doctors receive. Who this helps: This helps trainers and medical educators improve the teaching methods for future colonoscopy professionals.

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This study looked at sleep patterns in people who are at risk for Huntington's disease but have not yet been diagnosed, comparing them to healthy individuals. Researchers found that those closer to diagnosis (the NEAR and MID groups) experienced more sleep disturbances, such as waking up during the night, than those further out (the FAR group). Specifically, the NEAR and MID groups had higher sleep fragmentation scores and longer wake times after sleep onset, indicating a more disrupted sleep than healthy individuals, although they reported similar overall sleep quality. Who this helps: This research benefits patients at risk for Huntington's disease, as it highlights the importance of addressing sleep issues early on.

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This study focused on creating 3D models of colorectal polyps to help train doctors who perform colonoscopies. The researchers found that these interactive models were realistic and helpful for teaching, although some details needed improvement. This matters because better training can lead to more accurate identification and removal of polyps, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Who this helps: Patients at risk for colorectal cancer.

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Researchers studied how memory works in cotton-top tamarins to better understand differences between two types of memory: recollection and familiarity. They found that the monkeys remembered familiar objects well after a one-day or one-week delay when the objects were in the same context. However, when the context changed (like moving the objects or changing the time of day), they showed that their recollection was affected after a week, while their general familiarity remained intact. This finding is important for understanding memory decline in conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors working with memory-related disorders.

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Researchers studied a new type of drug called 7-alkylidenyltetrahydroindazole-based acylsulfonamides, which block a specific protein involved in insulin secretion. They found that one of the leading compounds effectively reversed the negative effects of another substance on insulin release in rats and improved how long the drug stays active in the body. This matters because better drugs could help control blood sugar levels in diabetes. Who this helps: Patients with diabetes.

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This study explores a new type of radiation source that produces ultra-short bursts of gamma rays, which can hit living tissue very quickly. Researchers found that existing laser facilities can create these intense gamma-ray beams that can deliver radiation doses ranging from less than 1 gray (Gy) to a few Gy in just one pulse, with speeds over 10 Gy per second. This advancement is important because it allows for more precise studies of how radiation interacts with tissues at very small timescales, potentially improving cancer treatment techniques. Who this helps: This helps doctors and researchers looking to enhance cancer therapies and understand radiation effects on tissues.

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This study looked at how changing the width of the stance during the Triangle yoga pose affects stress on the legs and joints. Researchers found that making the stance wider increases the load on the leading limb while decreasing it on the trailing limb. This information is important because it helps yoga instructors adjust poses to prevent injuries, especially for beginners or those at risk of injury. Who this helps: This helps yoga practitioners and instructors.

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Researchers studied how different treatments affected kidney disease caused by diabetes in mice. They found that each treatment impacted various kidney cell types uniquely, showing that some treatments, like sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), helped prevent inflammation and promote kidney health by altering specific cellular processes. This is important because it reveals potential ways to improve kidney health in diabetic patients and could lead to better treatments. Who this helps: Patients with diabetic kidney disease.

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This study focused on developing new drugs that block a specific target (called EP3) to help treat type 2 diabetes. Researchers created several promising compounds, one of which improved insulin secretion in laboratory tests and animal studies. This finding is important because it could lead to new treatments that help control blood sugar levels more effectively. Who this helps: This helps patients with type 2 diabetes looking for better treatment options.

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Researchers studied a new group of drugs called pyridone-based EP3 receptor antagonists to make them effective for oral use in rodents. They found that three specific compounds—3h, 3l, and 4d—worked well in lab tests and showed promising results in how long they stayed in the body and how well they were absorbed after being taken by mouth. This is important because it suggests these drugs could be developed further for treating conditions linked to the EP3 receptor. Who this helps: This helps patients needing new treatment options for diseases related to the EP3 receptor.

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This study looked at the benefits and challenges of conducting medical trials specifically with twins. Researchers found that twins provide unique insights due to their genetic similarities, which can make it easier to understand treatment effects but also complicates the ways data is analyzed. The review highlights the need for more twin-only trials to improve medical research and better tailor treatments. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors seeking to understand how treatments work based on genetic factors.

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This study looked at the Argus II retinal prosthesis, a device designed to help people with Retinitis Pigmentosa regain some vision. The researchers found that patients with this implant could identify shapes and improve their ability to see in everyday situations, reducing their reliance on other vision aids. They emphasized the importance of a teamwork approach among doctors and rehabilitation specialists to maximize the device's benefits. Who this helps: This helps patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa and similar vision impairments.

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This study focused on improving the results for patients with retinitis pigmentosa who receive the Argus II retinal prosthesis, a device that helps restore vision. The researchers gathered insights from surgeons and specialists across multiple countries and found that successful outcomes depend on careful patient selection and thorough pre-surgery assessments. They recommended using modified surgical techniques to reduce complications and emphasized the importance of rehabilitation after surgery. Who this helps: This helps patients with retinitis pigmentosa who are considering or have undergone Argus II implantation.

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This study focused on teaching elementary school students about healthy eating and physical activity to combat childhood obesity. After presentations by orthopedic surgeons, students' quiz scores improved from an average of 4.5 out of 6 correct answers to 6 out of 6, showing they understood the material. This matters because educating children about healthy habits can help prevent obesity-related health issues as they grow. Who this helps: This helps children and schools by promoting healthier lifestyles.

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This study examines the debate over whether a single fertilized egg can develop into two separate individuals (twins) and how this challenges the idea that a fetus is a person from the moment of conception. The findings show that if one egg can become two people, it raises questions about when personhood really begins. This matters because it influences discussions about reproductive rights and ethical considerations regarding fetuses. Who this helps: This helps patients, policymakers, and advocates involved in reproductive health discussions.

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This study looked at the presence of harmful bacteria, particularly Salmonella, carried by insects and mites found in areas where livestock are raised, like poultry farms. It found that Salmonella is commonly found in flies, with some evidence that these insects can help spread the bacteria between chicken flocks. This is important because it highlights a potential way that diseases can move from one group of animals to another, which can affect food safety and animal health. Who this helps: This information is beneficial for farmers and veterinarians working with livestock.

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This study surveyed 312 plastic surgery nurses to understand the psychological issues patients face after surgery. It found that patients reported issues like anxiety and mild depression more often than physical problems, with 70% of nurses seeing these mental health challenges as common. This matters because addressing psychological complications is crucial for improving patient care and recovery after surgery. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing plastic surgery and the healthcare professionals caring for them.

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The study looked at how juvenile hormone affects the male accessory glands in the red flour beetle, which are important for reproduction. Researchers found 112 genes that are highly active in these glands, and juvenile hormone levels rise shortly after the beetles become adults, increasing the size and function of these glands. Males lacking this hormone showed poorer mating success and led to fewer offspring, highlighting the hormone's vital role in male reproduction. Who this helps: This helps researchers and entomologists studying insect reproduction and pest control.

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This research focused on how patients may experience psychological issues, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), after waking up during anesthesia. The study highlights that while this situation is uncommon, it can be particularly concerning for surgery patients with a history of trauma. Nurses are encouraged to check on all patients after surgery for signs of anesthesia awareness and to identify PTSD symptoms, helping them get the mental health support they may need. Who this helps: This benefits patients who undergo surgery, especially those with a history of trauma.

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This study looked at how plastic surgeons handle discussions about sexual activity after surgery and what recommendations they make to patients regarding it. Out of 281 surveyed surgeons, only 32.9% believed it was their job to counsel patients about sexual activity post-surgery, with many relying on nurses to provide this information instead. This is important because many patients (70.4%) either never or rarely inquire about sexual activity after surgery, which means crucial guidance may be missed, potentially impacting their recovery and comfort. Who this helps: This helps patients recovering from plastic surgery who need clear guidance on when it's safe to resume sexual activity.

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This study looked at how well meniscus transplants in human knees maintained their size and movement when a person is standing and bearing weight. The researchers found that the size and motion of the transplanted menisci were similar to those of a normal meniscus, but some parts of the transplants moved less than the original menisci. This is important because it shows that while transplants can function similarly, their movement may not be as dynamic, which could affect knee health and performance over time. Who this helps: This benefits patients who receive meniscus transplants and their doctors.

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This study looked at trends in tummy tuck surgeries and related procedures among plastic surgeons in the U.S. It found that from a survey of nearly 500 surgeons, the most common procedures were full tummy tucks (55% of procedures) and liposuction (35%). Importantly, the rates of serious complications from these surgeries remain low, with very few cases of deep vein thrombosis (0.04%) and no reported deaths, showing that these procedures are relatively safe. Who this helps: This research benefits patients considering tummy tuck surgeries and their doctors by providing updated safety information.

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This study looked at the mental health problems that patients face after plastic surgery by surveying 312 nurses who specialize in this field. It found that patients reported mental health issues like anxiety and mild depression more often than physical problems, such as pain, during surgery recovery—specifically, 94% of nurses noted these psychological complications. Understanding these issues is important because it helps healthcare providers better support patients before and after surgery. Who this helps: This benefits patients undergoing plastic surgery and the healthcare providers caring for them.

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This study looked at how two types of hormone therapy affected certain heart disease risk indicators in 43 postmenopausal women. Both therapies increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) significantly—by 76% with tibolone and 81% with a combination of estrogen and progesterone—while neither treatment changed the levels of homocysteine, a different risk marker. Additionally, both treatments lowered vitamin B12 levels, which could impact overall health. Who this helps: This research aids doctors and healthcare providers in understanding the effects of hormone therapy on heart health in postmenopausal women.

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This study looked at 24 patients who had two surgeries on their abdomen, the first for contouring and a second for touching up or fixing issues afterward. Researchers found that most of these follow-up surgeries happened within 18 months of the first one, with about 6% of all abdominal surgeries being secondary procedures. The low complication rate of 4% is similar to primary surgeries, showing that these follow-up procedures are safe and often needed due to the rise in abdominoplasty popularity and an aging population. Who this helps: This helps patients seeking cosmetic surgery, as well as the doctors performing these procedures.

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This study looked at how well meniscal transplants work in patients under fifty years old who were experiencing knee pain after having part of their meniscus removed. Out of thirty-eight patients, 89% reported their knee felt better after the surgery, and only 11% still had pain doing daily activities, compared to 79% before the surgery. This is important because reducing knee pain can help younger patients return to sports and improve their quality of life. Who this helps: This helps younger patients suffering from knee pain.

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This study looked at how well meniscus transplants work for people under fifty who had knee pain after their meniscus was removed. Out of thirty-eight patients, 89% reported their knee felt better after surgery, with a big drop in daily pain from 79% having pain before the surgery to just 11% afterward. Most patients (76%) were able to return to light sports without issues, indicating that the surgery can help improve quality of life. Who this helps: This benefits younger patients suffering from knee pain after meniscus removal.

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This study examined how people's perceptions of facial appearance—both normal and abnormal—affect social interactions, job prospects, and personal traits like honesty and trustworthiness. Researchers asked 210 volunteers to evaluate photographs of patients with facial deformities and found that those with abnormal appearances were rated much lower across various traits: they were seen as less honest, less employable, and less attractive, with significant differences in ratings (for example, employability was rated significantly lower with a p-value of 0.001). This matters because it highlights the social challenges and biases faced by individuals with facial deformities, which can impact their lives in substantial ways. Who this helps: This helps patients with facial deformities, as well as doctors and mental health professionals working with them.

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This study looked at how well estradiol-releasing intravaginal rings (IVRs) help women who have had their ovaries removed manage symptoms related to menopause, bone health, and cholesterol levels. Over 20 weeks, women used rings with increasing doses of estradiol, and by the end, symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings decreased by up to 76%. While the IVRs improved symptom management and reduced bone loss, they didn't significantly change cholesterol levels. Who this helps: This research benefits post-menopausal women experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms.

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This study examined two specific proteins, TRPC1 and TRPC4, in the retinas of adult chickens to understand their roles in vision. Researchers found that TRPC1 is mainly located in a specific layer of the retina, while TRPC4 is distributed throughout all layers, suggesting that different types of retinal cells use these proteins for various functions. This research is important because it can help scientists learn more about how these channels contribute to the overall function of the retina, which might lead to better treatments for vision-related issues. Who this helps: This helps patients with vision problems and researchers studying retinal diseases.

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This study looked at how two different hormone replacement therapy (HRT) methods affect heart health in 43 postmenopausal women. One method, tibolone, lowered triglycerides by 17.1% and HDL cholesterol by 22.2%, while the other method, a combination therapy, reduced LDL cholesterol by 11.1%. These findings are important because managing these cholesterol levels can lower the risk of heart disease in women after menopause. Who this helps: This benefits postmenopausal women considering HRT options for heart health.

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This paper looks at how using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a common type of antidepressant, affects sexual functioning. While these medications help with depression, many people experience sexual problems while taking them—up to a large number of patients. The study suggests that drugs like sildenafil may help treat these sexual side effects, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness. Who this helps: This research benefits patients dealing with depression and its related sexual dysfunction.

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This study looked at patients who had a secondary facelift, examining differences between older patients (over 60) and younger ones (60 or under). The researchers found that 77% of both age groups had other procedures alongside the facelift, with older patients more likely to have additional health issues; however, the complication rate was low at just 2%. This matters because it shows that with proper screening, getting a facelift more than once is safe, even for older adults with other health conditions. Who this helps: This helps older patients considering cosmetic surgery and their doctors.

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This study looked at different methods used for brow lifts in plastic surgery and the complications that can arise from these procedures. Based on responses from 6951 brow lifts, both the endoscopic and coronal techniques were found to work well, with the coronal method being slightly more effective in achieving desired outcomes. The complication rates were low—ranging from 2.9% to 4% for hair loss—with high patient satisfaction rates between 98.2% and 99.2%, and major issues were uncommon. Who this helps: This information benefits patients considering brow lift surgery and the doctors performing these procedures.

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This study looked at how plastic surgeons perform face lifts, including the techniques they use and the complications that can arise. Out of nearly 3,800 surveyed surgeons, 15% responded, revealing that many prefer traditional methods instead of newer trends, and less-experienced surgeons are likely to take a more cautious approach. The reported rates of complications matched previous studies, confirming a consistent level of risk in these procedures. Who this helps: This information benefits plastic surgeons and their patients considering face lift surgery.

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This study looked at hereditary haemochromatosis, a common genetic disorder that requires lifelong treatment. It found that early diagnosis can prevent serious health problems and help people live normal lives. Additionally, the stigma around genetic conditions can affect job prospects and access to insurance, so educating the public and health professionals is crucial for improving outcomes. Who this helps: This benefits patients with haemochromatosis and their families, as well as employers and health service providers.

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This study examined whether using lidocaine, a local anesthetic, during liposuction really helps reduce pain after the procedure. Researchers compared pain levels in 10 patients who had lidocaine used on one side of their body and not on the other. They found no meaningful difference in pain between the two sides at various times after the surgery, suggesting that lidocaine is not needed and may even be risky due to its potential toxicity. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing liposuction by reducing their exposure to unnecessary medication risks.