JULIAN B. HILL, MD

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This study examined the use of a portable MRI machine for patients with neurological disorders, like Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, at a Boston clinic. Out of 130 participants, many found the portable MRI easy to tolerate, with 93% rating their comfort as 7 out of 10 or higher and 78% willing to try it again. The study highlights that portable MRIs could make brain imaging more accessible, especially for patients facing challenges like transportation and costs. Who this helps: Patients who struggle to access traditional MRI services.

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This study looked at how well occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) for children matches current best practices focused on engaging in everyday activities. The researchers found varying levels of alignment among eight occupational therapists; while some important aspects were correctly followed—like understanding what the child needs and building trust—other key parts, such as working with parents and setting shared goals, were often overlooked. This matters because it highlights the need for better training and tools for therapists to ensure they are fully meeting children’s needs in therapy. Who this helps: This helps occupational therapists and the children they work with.

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This study focused on Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (NTOS), a condition affecting muscle and nerve function that often requires rehabilitation. Researchers reviewed 1,381 studies and found that most rehabilitation programs aimed to "decompress the thoracic outlet," with 90% including exercises, primarily focusing on stretching and strengthening specific muscles. The findings highlight a lack of detailed guidance on rehabilitation techniques, indicating that a standardized treatment method is needed to effectively help patients with NTOS. Who this helps: This helps therapists and healthcare providers working with adults suffering from NTOS.

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This study examined how temperature affects the feeding efficiency and overall health of three species of fish: the invasive Tench and two native species, the White Sucker and Brown Bullhead. The researchers found that while White Suckers fed better than Tench at normal temperatures, they struggled to maintain good health at higher temperatures. In contrast, Tench showed better overall fitness in warmer conditions, indicating that they may have a competitive edge in the future as temperatures rise. Who this helps: This information is valuable for environmental scientists and conservationists working to manage fish populations and ecosystems affected by climate change.

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This study looked at how cold weather affects the number of emergency department visits by people experiencing homelessness in Edmonton, Canada. Over six years, researchers found that more than 13,000 individuals who were homeless made about 5.2 visits per year to the emergency department compared to just 1.2 visits for those with housing. When temperatures dropped, visits increased significantly, with a 21% rise during extreme cold spells, showing that people without homes often turn to emergency rooms for warmth and shelter. Who this helps: This research helps public health officials and policymakers better understand and support individuals experiencing homelessness.

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This study examined how the development of certain brain pathways, known as white matter tracts, during preadolescence affects future thinking skills and mental health. Researchers found that delays in the development of these tracts were associated with poorer cognitive performance and a higher risk of psychiatric disorders in the following years, with significant implications for understanding mental health issues. For example, young people with slower white matter development in specific areas were more likely to face challenges both now and later on. Who this helps: This helps patients, particularly children and adolescents at risk for mental health issues.

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This study looked at how different types of speech therapy affected children's ability to improve their pronunciation of the "r" sound, which is often challenging for them. It involved 108 children aged 9-15 who received 19 sessions of speech therapy, some with visual biofeedback and some without. Those who used biofeedback saw a significantly greater improvement in their speech, especially those who received ultrasound biofeedback, highlighting that this method can enhance therapy effectiveness. Who this helps: This benefits children with speech sound disorders and their therapists.

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The study introduces the "My Sensory Experiences Tool" (MYSET), which is a set of picture cards designed to help autistic individuals express their sensory experiences and needs. Researchers spoke with 27 people, including autistic individuals, their families, and professionals, who found MYSET helpful in gathering personalized information about sensory challenges, allowing better understanding and support. This tool is inclusive for people of different ages and abilities, making it easier for others to accommodate their sensory needs and improve daily life. Who this helps: This tools benefits autistic individuals, their families, and healthcare professionals.

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This study focused on a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults aged 18-49 who are at higher risk for the disease due to chronic health issues. Researchers found that the vaccine produced a strong immune response similar to that seen in older adults (60 years and above) one month after vaccination, with 84.3% of younger participants experiencing mild side effects compared to 69.4% in the older group. This is important because it shows that this vaccine is not only effective but also safe for younger high-risk adults. Who this helps: This benefits younger adults with chronic conditions who are at increased risk for RSV.

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This study looked at a workshop that combined movement and singing to help adults with mental health challenges. Eight participants reported feeling better after the workshops, with their mental wellbeing scores improving on average by about 3.14 points. This is significant because it shows that engaging in creative activities like singing and movement can boost wellbeing and help individuals feel more connected and expressive. Who this helps: This benefits adults facing mental health challenges who are looking for new ways to improve their wellbeing.

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This study looked at how to better understand tiny changes in the structure of proteins during chemical reactions using advanced imaging techniques. The researchers developed a new method that combines data from multiple experiments to highlight these small changes and identify rare forms of proteins that may be important in the reaction process. Their approach could improve how scientists analyze protein behavior over time, which is crucial for drug development and understanding diseases. Who this helps: This helps researchers and scientists studying proteins in health and disease.

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This study looked at how well medical doctors understand and support sports participation for people with disabilities. Out of 168 doctors from 16 countries, 91% recognized that sports are beneficial for these individuals, and 77% saw it as their role to help promote participation. However, many felt unsure about guiding patients and were not confident in their knowledge of local disability sports programs, with only 15% having experience with pre-participation assessments. This matters because increasing doctors' awareness and confidence can help more people with disabilities enjoy the physical and social benefits of sports. Who this helps: This helps patients with disabilities who want to participate in sports.

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This study looked at how well a drug called gilteritinib works when combined with chemotherapy for patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that have specific gene mutations. Out of 84 patients, 50% achieved complete remission after the initial treatment, and 86.6% had significant improvements in their condition. Additionally, 71.6% of patients survived for at least three years, highlighting the potential effectiveness of this combination treatment for these patients. Who this helps: This benefits patients with newly diagnosed AML and their doctors by providing a promising treatment option.

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This study looked at a lifestyle program called the South African Diabetes Prevention Program (SA-DPP) to see how well it fits the needs of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South Africa. Researchers found that both PLWH and healthcare providers thought the program was useful and easy to understand, with a focus on nutrition and exercise that could help prevent weight gain and related health issues. However, they noted that some adjustments may be needed to address specific challenges faced by PLWH, like stigma and cultural beliefs about body image. Who this helps: This research benefits people living with HIV and healthcare providers working with them.

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This study looked at the effectiveness of a new osteoporosis treatment called romosozumab compared to older treatments like teriparatide and anti-resorptive therapies in real-world patients. The researchers found that patients treated with romosozumab had a significant increase in bone density at the lumbar spine—an average increase of 11.3%, compared to only 5.0% for teriparatide. This is important because higher bone density can reduce the risk of fractures in people with osteoporosis, particularly for those who haven't been treated previously with other medications. Who this helps: Patients with osteoporosis, especially those new to treatment.

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This study looked at the healthcare experiences of LGBTQ+ young adults in the U.S. The researchers found that 35 participants, aged 18 to 26, faced serious barriers like stigma and unqualified providers, leading to more stress and delays in getting care. The study highlights the need for healthcare systems to create more supportive and competent environments so that LGBTQ+ individuals can receive the care they need more easily. Who this helps: This helps LGBTQ+ young adults access better healthcare.

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This study looked at how treatment with the medication methylphenidate, commonly used for ADHD, affects the risk of developing nonaffective psychosis in young people. Out of nearly 4,000 individuals diagnosed with ADHD, only 5.7% developed psychosis by their early twenties, and the results showed that consistent use of methylphenidate didn't increase this risk overall. Interestingly, for children diagnosed before age 13, there may even be a decreased risk of developing psychosis with treatment. Who this helps: Young patients with ADHD and their doctors.

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This study looked at how well patients with inflammatory arthritis accepted and could use electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) during their healthcare visits. Out of 336 patients surveyed, 89% found these ePROMs acceptable and felt they improved their care. However, acceptability dropped among older patients, those with limited internet access, and those lacking digital skills—only 43% of patients without essential digital skills found ePROMs acceptable. Who this helps: This findings will benefit both patients with inflammatory arthritis and healthcare providers by highlighting the need for tailored support to ensure everyone can use ePROMs effectively.

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This research looks at ways to improve the kinds of food available in homes and ensure families in low-income areas have enough to eat. The study focuses on existing programs that help make healthy food more accessible and how these programs affect diet quality and overall health. By analyzing various research studies, the review aims to find out what works best in tackling issues like obesity and poor nutrition. Who this helps: This benefits low-income families and healthcare providers working to improve community health.

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This study looked at how acceptable a malaria prevention treatment called IPTp-DP is for pregnant women in Papua, Indonesia. Researchers interviewed 94 pregnant women, along with healthcare providers and husbands, and found that most women understood the severity of malaria during pregnancy and appreciated the opportunity to prevent it with IPTp-DP, especially after receiving reassurance from healthcare providers. Consistent communication from medical staff and support from family members played a key role in increasing women's acceptance of this treatment. Who this helps: This benefits pregnant women and healthcare providers involved in maternal health.

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This study looked at how feeding dairy heifer calves specific strains of bacteria called Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus from birth to 14 weeks affects methane emissions. The researchers found that using these bacteria reduced methane production by 11% to 23% and also improved the efficiency of feed use without harming the calves' weight. These results are important because they offer a way to lower greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cows while still maintaining healthy growth. Who this helps: This benefits farmers and the environment by reducing methane emissions from dairy livestock.

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This study looked at how well Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) supports children with disabilities. It found that while children with more severe disabilities are more likely to have a plan and receive higher funding, their parents are often less satisfied with the support. Overall, the NDIS does a good job distributing resources based on need, but there are still issues with how families perceive the quality of support they receive. Who this helps: Parents of children with disabilities, particularly those seeking support through the NDIS.

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This study looked at how women and men are treated for chest pain in emergency departments across five Canadian hospitals. Researchers found that women received less cardiac testing, with 75% having only one blood test for heart damage compared to 65% of men, and they also waited about 16 minutes longer to see a doctor. While men had worse outcomes, with a 45% higher risk of serious heart events, women's care was delayed and less thorough. Who this helps: This research benefits patients, especially women experiencing chest pain, by highlighting the need for better treatment practices.

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This study looked at how different chemical groups on electrode surfaces affect their ability to store energy, focusing on a type of material called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Researchers found that certain modified surfaces increased energy storage capacity by over 50% when using lithium ions compared to other types of ions. This is important because it opens new pathways for creating more efficient energy storage devices, which can lead to better batteries and supercapacitors. Who this helps: This helps battery manufacturers and energy storage technology developers.

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This study examined how a new course for midwifery students at the University of Tübingen improved their understanding of the unique challenges faced by vulnerable pregnant women, such as those affected by violence or discrimination. The results showed that after taking the course, students' knowledge and skills significantly improved in several areas, like addressing the needs of asylum-seeking women and issues related to female genital mutilation and racism, with scores moving from a median of 5 (poor understanding) to 2 (good understanding). This is important because better-trained midwives can offer more effective care to marginalized women, which can lead to healthier pregnancies and babies. Who this helps: This benefits vulnerable pregnant women by ensuring they receive the specialized care they need.

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This study looked at how a disabled kea parrot named Bruce became the leader of his group, despite having no upper beak. Bruce showed impressive skills, like a unique way of using his beak to compete successfully against other male parrots, leading to him winning dominance interactions, having lower stress levels, and getting more food access without needing help from others. This matters because it highlights how creativity and adaptability can help disabled animals thrive in social settings. Who this helps: This helps animal caretakers and researchers understand how disability can affect animal behavior and social dynamics.

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This study focused on creating and testing digital tools to help health professionals give better advice on physical activity to their patients. Out of 62 healthcare workers surveyed, many saw the potential benefits of these tools but felt they needed clearer instructions on how to use them effectively. Improving these resources could lead to more people getting the right physical activity advice from their doctors or nurses, which is important for public health. Who this helps: Patients looking to improve their physical activity levels and overall health.

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This study looked at how menstrual cycles and the use of hormonal contraception affect exercise participation in a group of 8,060 women aged 18 and older. The results showed that 42.1% of women experienced amenorrhea (missing periods), while 39.7% used hormonal contraceptives. Women using hormonal contraception were less likely to miss workouts or competitions compared to those with irregular cycles like amenorrhea, meaning that managing menstrual health can significantly impact athletic performance. Who this helps: This research is beneficial for female athletes and their trainers, as well as healthcare providers addressing menstrual health.

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This study looked at the factors that lead to delayed breast milk production in first-time mothers in Western Australia. It found that 43.2% of these mothers experienced this delay, and those who were overweight, had obesity, or had gestational diabetes were more likely to be affected; for example, 78.6% of mothers with gestational diabetes had this delay. Understanding these factors is important because delays in breastfeeding can harm both mother and child's health by increasing the chances of stopping breastfeeding early. Who this helps: This helps mothers-to-be, especially those who are overweight or have gestational diabetes.

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This study looked at how nicotine vape products, like e-cigarettes, might help adults in the U.S. quit smoking. Out of 38 analyses on this topic, 24 (about 63%) found that using these vaping products was linked to quitting smoking, especially when people used them daily. The research shows that people who weren’t necessarily trying to quit also benefited more than those who were focused on stopping smoking, highlighting a need to look at various studies for a clearer picture. Who this helps: Patients who want to quit smoking and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how practicing motor skills with the legs affects brain activity related to movement. Fourteen healthy participants trained their leg muscles with a specific task, and while their performance improved over time, brain measurements showed no significant changes in the expected areas, except for one minor increase in inhibition. This finding indicates that simply repeating the same motor training may not be enough to trigger changes in the brain's motor control areas, suggesting that more intense or varied training might be necessary for better results. Who this helps: This helps patients who need rehabilitation for leg movement issues.

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This study examined the challenges and supports for women with epilepsy who want to be physically active. Researchers found that issues like seizures and medication can prevent these women from exercising, while support from friends and family and having the right tools can help them engage in physical activity. Understanding these factors is important because it can lead to better support and programs tailored to the specific needs of women with epilepsy, improving their quality of life. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy, particularly women, by identifying ways to encourage their participation in physical activity.

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This study looks at how expanding farmland for agriculture threatens wildlife and ecosystems. It finds that if current trends continue, farmland in lower-income countries could nearly double by 2100, while higher-income countries are unlikely to increase their farmland much. The research suggests that improving diets and reducing food waste in wealthier nations, along with fostering economic growth in poorer countries, can significantly reduce the need for new cropland, benefiting both the environment and local economies. Who this helps: This helps people living in lower-income countries and the global environment.

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This review looked at guidelines available for people with epilepsy who want to engage in sports and exercise. It found 11 relevant documents, but while they offered general advice about participating in physical activities, they often missed important strategies to manage risks and did not adequately address the needs of individuals with disabilities who also have epilepsy. This matters because having clear, specific recommendations can help ensure that everyone, especially those with complex needs, can safely enjoy exercise. Who this helps: This benefits patients with epilepsy, particularly those with co-occurring disabilities, as well as their caregivers and sport professionals.

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This study looks at how having physiotherapists in primary care affects patients with hip and knee pain. It compares the results of patients receiving care from physiotherapists to those getting standard care from doctors, measuring factors like pain, physical function, and patient satisfaction. By involving 14 primary care organizations, the study aims to find out if this new model improves health outcomes and reduces healthcare costs. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from hip and knee pain.

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This study examined how hospitals in the UK manage day-case surgeries for hip and knee replacements, where patients go home the same day. Out of 86 hospitals surveyed, 91% performed day-case surgeries, but only 48% had a specific day-case protocol in place, which leads to variations in care. This is important because better protocols could improve patient recovery and reduce hospital stays, benefiting the healthcare system. Who this helps: Patients undergoing hip and knee surgeries benefit from improved care and faster recovery.

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This study looked at factors that might lead to abnormal T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in newborns who do not have severe immune issues. Researchers found that out of 887 infants with abnormal TRECs, being male, having meconium-stained amniotic fluid, a history of blood transfusions, lower 5-minute APGAR scores, and having a mother with diabetes were all linked to these abnormalities. Notably, Black infants and those born to Black mothers showed higher rates of these abnormal TRECs, indicating important health disparities. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors and health professionals working with newborns to better identify and understand immune health issues.

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This study looked at how the COVID-19 pandemic affected how much cognitive stimulation parents with low incomes provided to their young children, focusing on their communication and reading practices. Researchers found that after the pandemic started, low-income parents talked more to their kids, with scores for verbal interaction increasing, while the amount and quality of reading stayed the same or even got worse. This matters because it shows that, despite challenges, parents were able to maintain some positive engagement with their children, highlighting areas where they might need support, especially in reading practices. Who this helps: This helps low-income families and the children who rely on them for cognitive development.

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This study looked at whether workers' compensation could cover medical cannabis for people with chronic pain in Colorado. Over a year, patients in the program reported significant drops in pain levels, better daily functioning, and a higher quality of life, along with a slight decrease in opioid use. Importantly, there were no safety issues noted during the program. Who this helps: Patients with chronic pain who are part of workers' compensation programs.

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This study looked at the behavior of neutrons produced during a specific reaction when muons, a type of particle, interact with oxygen in a special detector. Researchers found that when muons captured on oxygen, there were varying numbers of neutrons released: about 24% of the time, no neutrons were released, while 70% of the time one neutron was produced, and smaller percentages for two or three neutrons. This information is important because understanding how many neutrons are created can improve the way we use neutrino detectors, which are crucial for studying fundamental particles and understanding the universe. Who this helps: This helps scientists and researchers who study neutrinos and particle physics.

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This study looked at how chronic pain and musculoskeletal health changed in adults aged 35 and over before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It found that chronic pain increased from 35.6% in 2016/17 to 42.9% in 2022/23, and high-impact chronic pain rose from 15.5% to 22.4%. Additionally, the health scores for people with chronic pain dropped significantly, indicating worsened musculoskeletal health, especially among women and younger adults in this group. Who this helps: This benefits patients experiencing chronic pain, especially working-age adults and those from underserved communities.

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This study looked at whether having physiotherapists lead the care for people with low back pain (LBP) is more effective than traditional care led by doctors. The researchers involved 739 adults and aimed to measure improvements in areas like disability, pain levels, quality of life, and patient satisfaction over one year. Initial findings will help decide if this method of care is beneficial and cost-effective, which is important for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Who this helps: Patients suffering from low back pain.

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This study looked at a new treatment combining a drug called zolbetuximab with chemotherapy and another drug (nivolumab) for patients with a certain type of advanced stomach cancer. The results showed that patients treated with this combination had an average time without disease progression of about 14.8 months, and the treatment led to a significant tumor response in 62.1% of patients overall. This matters because it provides hope for better outcomes in a group of patients who currently have limited effective treatment options. Who this helps: This helps patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer that tests positive for specific cancer markers.

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This research paper looked at the role of a protein called Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) in patients with advanced stomach cancer and cancer at the junction between the stomach and esophagus. Out of 742 studies reviewed, only 18 were included, and most found that CLDN18.2 didn't clearly predict how well patients would do, although there were some mixed findings. This matters because understanding CLDN18.2 could help doctors better tailor treatments for patients with this type of cancer. Who this helps: Patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

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This study looked at a new tool called the Support Needs Assessment Tool for Sport and Exercise (SNAT-SE) designed to help people with disabilities participate in sports and fitness activities. The feedback from 52 participants showed that the tool was considered useful and acceptable, but they suggested improvements, like making the language clearer and shortening its length. This tool is important because it can help health and fitness professionals better understand the needs of people with disabilities, which can lead to increased participation in sports and exercise. Who this helps: This helps people with disabilities and the professionals who support them.

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This study examined the disability population in Australia to help boost participation in sports, especially with the upcoming 2032 Paralympic Games. Out of 4.37 million Australians with disabilities, 44.5% are over 65 years old, and for those under 65, only about 1.4 million might be eligible to participate in Para sports based on their disabilities. The findings show many people with common disabilities, like hearing loss and chronic pain, are often not involved in Para sports, indicating a need for more inclusive programs to get everyone active, especially those who may not be able to participate in competitive sports. Who this helps: This helps individuals with disabilities and organizations aiming to support and engage them in physical activity.