DR. CHARLES W. GRAYSON, DO

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This research paper looked at how to classify the severity of interpersonal violence (IV) in sports, examining tools that help identify, document, and categorize incidents of violence against both children and adults. The study found 45 classification tools that use 22 different ways to measure the severity, with the most common factors being norm violation, harmfulness, and intensity. This is important because having a standardized method for assessing violence can help determine necessary actions for support and reporting, potentially improving responses to such incidents. Who this helps: This helps patients, especially those affected by violence in sports, as well as doctors and support services addressing their needs.

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This study looked at the SCN9A gene to see how often it is linked to erythromelalgia, a condition that causes painful, hot, and swollen skin, mainly on the hands and feet. Out of 100 patients suspected of having this condition, only 5 (about 11.7%) had genetic changes in the SCN9A gene that likely caused their symptoms. This finding suggests that other factors are likely responsible for most cases of erythromelalgia, which is important for understanding and treating the condition better. Who this helps: This helps patients with erythromelalgia by guiding better diagnosis and treatment options.

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This study looked at a new medication called azetukalner to see if it helps adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), especially when other treatments haven't worked. After six weeks, people taking the higher dose of azetukalner (20 mg) experienced a significant improvement, reporting about 3.04 points less depression symptoms compared to those taking a placebo, along with notable improvements in pleasure and anxiety scores. These findings suggest that azetukalner may be an effective option for treating depression, which is important because many existing treatments are not effective for everyone. Who this helps: This benefits adults struggling with major depressive disorder who do not respond to current antidepressant medications.

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This study looked at how the buildup of a substance called succinate in the blood could be an early warning sign of a liver disease linked to metabolic dysfunction, known as MASLD. Researchers found that male mice on a high-fat diet developed steatosis, or fat accumulation in the liver, with succinate levels rising to 50 micromolar after 2 weeks and climbing to 100 micromolar after 7 weeks. This is important because identifying succinate as a marker could help in the early diagnosis of MASLD, particularly in boys and young men who are at greater risk. Who this helps: Patients, especially young boys and men with high fat diets.

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This study looked at how well a child sexual abuse prevention program works in schools when taught by one person using pre-recorded videos instead of the usual two teachers in person. Researchers tested the knowledge of 1,480 second-graders after the program and found no significant difference in what they learned, regardless of the method used. This matters because it suggests that using videos to deliver this important training could make it easier and more affordable for schools to provide these essential programs. Who this helps: This helps schools, teachers, and ultimately children by making it easier to access important safety education.

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This study looked at how a specific enzyme in the liver, called α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), produces hydrogen peroxide, a type of reactive oxygen species, in mitochondria from male and female mice. Researchers found that KGDH is a major source of hydrogen peroxide in both sexes and that its activity increases significantly when mitochondria use fatty acids as fuel, especially when combined with another molecule called malate. Understanding this process is important because excessive hydrogen peroxide can damage cells, so insights into its production help us understand potential targets for reducing oxidative stress in various diseases. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors working to improve treatments for diseases related to oxidative stress.

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Researchers studied a child sexual abuse prevention program for parents, aiming to make it suitable for all families, not just at-risk ones. They gathered feedback from 31 parents before and after the program, finding that participants' awareness of child sexual abuse and their intention to use protective strategies both improved. This is important because it shows that a broader audience of parents can effectively engage with and benefit from such educational programs. Who this helps: This helps parents and caregivers of children under 13.

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This study looked at how removing a specific gene called glutaredoxin-2 (Glrx2) affects the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male and female mice. The researchers found that male mice without this gene, when fed a high-fat diet, were protected from developing NAFLD compared to normal mice; they had less liver damage and inflammation. This is significant because it highlights a potential target for preventing NAFLD, particularly in men who are more susceptible to this condition. Who this helps: This research benefits patients at risk of NAFLD, especially men with unhealthy diets.

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This study looked at how a compound called S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) affects the production of hydrogen peroxide in key enzymes related to energy metabolism in the liver, focusing on differences between males and females and the impact of diet. Researchers found that GSNO significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide production by the enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) in male mice, with an 82% decrease at certain doses, while the effect on another enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), was minimal. These findings highlight how diet and sex influence how these enzymes function, which is important for understanding metabolic health and diseases. Who this helps: This helps patients and doctors by providing insights into metabolic disorders and potential dietary impacts on treatment.

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This study looked at the Watson Extraction System (WES) used to remove tightly secured femoral stems during hip replacement surgeries. Over a period of two years, surgeons successfully used the WES to extract 10 stems without needing to cut the thigh bone, taking an average of just 7 minutes per extraction, with some blood loss (425 ml on average) and two cases of femoral fractures. This is important because it shows that the WES can make hip revision surgery easier and safer, potentially leading to better outcomes for patients. Who this helps: Patients needing hip revision surgeries.

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This study looked at how two important molecules, coenzyme Q (CoQ) and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), work together in mitochondria to manage hydrogen peroxide levels, which is important for cell communication. The researchers found that CoQ and NNT play opposite roles: CoQ helps produce hydrogen peroxide while NNT helps to remove it, balancing its availability based on the energy state inside the mitochondria. This balance is crucial because it affects how cells communicate and respond to changes in their environment. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with metabolic disorders and doctors managing these conditions.

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This study looked at how hair care practices impact acne in adolescents of color with textured hair. Researchers found that these hair care routines can change where acne appears and influence how effective treatments are. It's important for doctors to understand these cultural practices to provide better care for these patients. Who this helps: This helps patients, especially adolescents of color dealing with acne.

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This study looked at the experiences of caregivers of children with SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, a severe genetic condition causing developmental delays and difficult-to-control seizures. Researchers analyzed responses from 116 caregivers and found that most children (77%) were taking at least two anti-seizure medications, and half had tried four or more in the past without success. Many caregivers felt that sodium channel blockers were the most effective treatments for managing seizures and improving quality of life, highlighting a significant need for better treatment options. Who this helps: This information benefits patients with SCN8A-DEE and their families, as well as healthcare providers seeking better treatment strategies.

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This study looked at how a process called protein S-glutathionylation regulates the production of hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria, which are the energy powerhouses of cells. Researchers found that this mechanism helps control hydrogen peroxide levels to avoid damaging cells while still allowing them to respond to different signals. Understanding this regulation is important because it helps protect cells from stress and could improve how we understand cell behavior in various health conditions. Who this helps: This benefits patients by improving our understanding of cell health, which could lead to better treatments for diseases.

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Researchers developed a tool called CAREng that designs specific short RNA molecules, which can turn off genes in bacteria. This tool is more efficient than previous methods, allowing scientists to systematically create these molecules for all genes in a bacterial genome while avoiding unwanted effects on other genes. This development helps streamline genetic studies, making it easier to understand gene functions in bacteria. Who this helps: This benefits scientists and researchers studying bacteria for various applications, including medicine and biotechnology.

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This study looked at how people in countries affected by conflict are adapting to climate change. Researchers found that while these communities are taking steps to cope with climate challenges, most existing research focuses mainly on agriculture and rural areas, ignoring other important adaptation needs like water management and urban planning. The study highlights the lack of funding and research for many conflict-impacted nations, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive understanding of how different sectors are affected by climate change. Who this helps: This helps policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and communities in conflict-affected regions.

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This study looked at how dermatologists can better treat young patients with darker skin who often face skin issues like acne, eczema, and hair loss. It found that understanding cultural backgrounds and using compassionate communication improves care for these patients. This is important because it helps ensure that all young people receive effective and respectful treatment for their skin conditions. Who this helps: Patients with skin of color and their families.

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Researchers studied how to effectively track seizures in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) during medication trials. They found that caregivers could accurately record seizures using a simple diary, which has proven effective in previous studies, allowing more patients to participate in trials, especially those from as young as one month old. This approach makes it easier to measure how well treatments are working and could lead to better therapies for these patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with DEE and their families by improving the tracking of their seizures during treatment trials.

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This study focused on how dermatologists can better talk to Black women about traction alopecia, a hair loss condition linked to certain hairstyles. The researchers proposed a method called "Compliment, Discuss, and Suggest" to make these conversations easier and more effective. This approach is important because it helps prevent the condition from worsening and supports better hair care practices. Who this helps: This benefits Black women seeking dermatological care.

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This study looked at how a medication called dupilumab helps improve atopic dermatitis and skin discoloration (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) in patients with darker skin. The findings showed that after starting treatment with dupilumab, one patient saw significant improvements in their skin, including lighter patches in areas that initially looked normal. This is important because it means that dupilumab can not only help with visible skin issues but also promote overall skin tone recovery, enhancing the quality of life for these patients. Who this helps: Patients with atopic dermatitis, especially those with skin of color.

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This research looked at how feasible and acceptable it is to do a clinical trial on exercise therapy and activity management for teenagers with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). They found that almost half (49.7%) of the eligible young people were successfully recruited for the study, with a high response rate (91.4%) to the main outcome after six months. This is important because it shows that studying these treatments for CFS/ME in young people can work and that the approaches are suitable for them. Who this helps: This helps patients with CFS/ME and their families.

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This study looked at how often and effectively doctors in the emergency department use serum lactate tests for patients with abdominal pain. Out of 753 patients included, serum lactate was elevated in 16% of those tested. While using these tests led to more imaging and surgical consultations, they did not actually help determine if a patient needed surgery. This is important because it suggests that medical teams should use serum lactate tests more carefully, only for patients showing signs of serious conditions like sepsis. Who this helps: This helps patients presenting with abdominal pain.

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This study investigated whether certain rare genetic variations in specific genes are linked to essential tremor (ET), a condition that causes uncontrollable shaking. Researchers analyzed the DNA of families with multiple ET cases and a larger group of ET patients, but found no significant differences between those with ET and those without regarding these gene variations. The findings indicate that these genes are not likely risk factors for developing ET, highlighting the need for more extensive studies to better understand the genetic causes of this disorder. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors working to understand the genetic factors associated with essential tremor.

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In August 2012, two state prisons in Arkansas experienced outbreaks of gastrointestinal illnesses affecting a total of 597 inmates. Investigators found that in one prison, chicken salad was likely the cause, while in the other, there were problems with person-to-person spread and contaminated food. This matters because it highlights the need for better food safety practices in prisons to prevent future outbreaks. Who this helps: This helps inmates, prison staff, and public health officials.

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This study focused on a new drug called XEN445 that blocks an enzyme called endothelial lipase, which affects the levels of good cholesterol (HDL) in the body. In tests with mice, XEN445 effectively increased levels of HDL cholesterol. This is important because higher HDL levels can help reduce the risk of heart disease related to unhealthy cholesterol levels. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk of cardiovascular disease due to poor cholesterol levels.

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This study focused on how certain human eye cells can produce a molecule called apoB100, which is linked to a common eye condition known as age-related macular degeneration. Researchers found that when they increased cholesterol levels in these cells, the secretion of apoB100 increased significantly, and using the statin Cerivastatin reduced the cholesterol and the secretion by three times. This matters because it helps us understand a possible local source of apoB100 in the eye and suggests that statins could be a way to manage cholesterol levels and potentially slow down the progression of eye diseases. Who this helps: Patients at risk for age-related macular degeneration.

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This research looked at a gene called ELOVL4, which is linked to a type of eye disease known as Stargardt-like macular dystrophy. It found that mutations in this gene cause dysfunctional proteins that disrupt normal cell functions—specifically, the mutated proteins interfere with the normal versions, leading to problems in how these proteins are distributed within cells. This matters because it helps explain why this eye disease is passed down through families, affecting vision. Who this helps: This helps patients with Stargardt-like macular dystrophy and their doctors in understanding the disease better.

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This study examined RP2, a protein linked to X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease that can lead to vision loss. Researchers found that RP2 interacts with another protein called Arl3 and that certain chemical changes to RP2 are crucial for its proper location in cells and function. Understanding how RP2 works and interacts with other proteins can help researchers develop better treatments for this type of vision loss. Who this helps: This benefits patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked into a rare type of vision loss in a family that was thought to be caused by a genetic issue. Researchers found a specific mutation in the RP2 gene that led to both central vision problems and unusual patterns of retinal damage in affected family members. Notably, they identified a small deletion in the gene that prevents the creation of an important protein, indicating that losing this protein is responsible for the eye disease. Understanding this genetic cause helps in providing accurate diagnoses and guidance for affected families and their relatives. Who this helps: This helps patients and their families by allowing for better genetic counseling and understanding of their condition.

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This study looked at the RP2 protein, which is linked to a genetic eye disease causing vision loss in many individuals. It was found that RP2 is mainly located on the surface of cells and can be found in different parts of the cell membrane in various cell types. Specifically, about 42% of RP2 in neuroblastoma cells was associated with special areas of the membrane that resist detergent, which implies it might play a role in how signals are communicated within cells. Who this helps: This research helps patients with retinitis pigmentosa by improving our understanding of the RP2 protein and its role in cell function.

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This study focused on understanding how the RP2 protein, which is linked to a type of genetic blindness called X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, reaches the cell membrane. Researchers discovered that a specific sequence of amino acids, particularly a phenylalanine at position 5, is crucial for RP2 to be correctly positioned in the plasma membrane. This finding matters because mutations in this sequence can lead to the disease, helping to pinpoint why some patients develop this condition. Who this helps: This helps patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and their doctors by identifying potential genetic causes for the disease.

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This study looked at proteins related to a genetic condition that causes severe vision loss, called X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Researchers found that the RP2 protein is present at the outer parts of light-sensitive cells in the eye, while related proteins, cofactor C and Arl3, are mostly located in a specific part of those cells called the connecting cilium. Understanding where these proteins are found helps clarify how they work together, which is important for developing treatments for this eye disease. Who this helps: This helps patients with retinitis pigmentosa and their doctors.

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This study looked at how doctors in Georgia screen for and treat sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during pregnancy. It found that nearly all (98%) of the healthcare providers routinely screen for syphilis and hepatitis B, while fewer screen for other infections like gonorrhea (71%) and trichomonas (89%). The research highlights the importance of improving education for providers to ensure effective diagnosis and treatment of STDs in pregnant women, which can lead to better health outcomes for both mothers and infants. Who this helps: This helps pregnant patients and their babies by ensuring they receive proper STD screening and treatment.

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This research focused on inherited retinal dystrophy, a leading cause of blindness, to explore how proteins in the eye might be improperly formed due to genetic mutations, specifically looking at rhodopsin, a visual pigment. The study highlighted that several genes linked to retinal degeneration may also help with correct protein folding, and adjusting the levels or function of these proteins could lead to new treatments. This matters because finding new ways to treat blindness could improve the quality of life for many affected individuals. Who this helps: Patients with inherited retinal dystrophy.

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This study looked at a protein called retinoschisin, which is linked to a vision problem known as X-linked retinoschisis, affecting many males by causing deterioration of eyesight. The researchers found that retinoschisin is released by photoreceptors in the retina and is also present in other inner retinal layers, implying that it plays important roles in eye health. Understanding this protein's functions could help develop new treatments for the visual impairments caused by this condition. Who this helps: This benefits patients with X-linked retinoschisis and their doctors.

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This study looked at a protein called RP2, which is linked to a genetic eye disease called X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). Researchers found that certain mutations, particularly the DeltaS6 mutation, disrupt the protein's ability to reach the cell's surface where it needs to work properly. Specifically, while the R118H mutation doesn't affect the protein's location, the DeltaS6 mutation does, which could lead to disease because it prevents RP2 from functioning correctly in eye cells. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with XLRP by improving understanding of how specific mutations impact the disease.

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This study looked at a genetic condition called Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS), which can cause eye problems, dental issues, and developmental delays. Researchers examined a gene known as RAI2, previously thought to be connected to NHS, in nine families affected by the syndrome. They found no mutations in this gene, indicating that RAI2 is probably not the cause of NHS. Who this helps: This information benefits patients and families affected by Nance-Horan syndrome by narrowing down the search for the actual cause of their condition.

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This study looked at families in the UK with a genetic condition called autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADPHSP), which affects movement. Researchers examined 306 family members from 28 families and found that specific genes on chromosome 2 were linked to later onset of symptoms—people in those families started showing signs at an average age of 39, compared to 29 for those without this link. These findings matter because they help in understanding the genetic basis of the condition and could lead to better diagnosis and treatment options in the future. Who this helps: This research helps patients and doctors by improving the understanding of genetic factors in spastic paraplegia.

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This study looked at why women experience more depressive symptoms than men. It found that women reported higher levels of ongoing stress, lower feelings of control over their lives, and a tendency to overthink problems. Specifically, the research involved about 1,100 adults aged 25 to 75, and concluded that these factors—stress, low control, and overthinking—contribute to women having more depressive symptoms than men. Who this helps: This helps patients, particularly women dealing with depression.

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This study looked at the effects of different protein sources, specifically wheat gluten and casein, on mother rats and their baby rats during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It found that out of 48 baby rats born to mothers eating wheat gluten, only two survived by day 15, while mothers fed casein were still nursing 47 healthy pups. This shows that the quality of protein in a mother’s diet is crucial for the development of both her milk and her babies’ survival. Who this helps: This helps expecting mothers and healthcare providers understand the importance of protein quality during pregnancy and breastfeeding.