DR. CHAD M. MCKENZIE, D.O.

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This study looked at using corticosteroids to treat severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) in intensive care patients. It found that the results of different studies on this treatment have been mixed, leading to uncertainty and conflicting guidelines on its use. Understanding when and for whom corticosteroids might be most effective is important because it could improve treatment strategies and patient outcomes. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from severe pneumonia and the doctors treating them.

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This study focused on understanding patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), particularly looking at different types of airway narrowing (stenosis) and how these conditions affect the need for airway devices (protheses). Researchers analyzed data from 118 patients and found that those with airway stenosis (PGS) were younger and had more surgeries compared to other groups. The dependence on airway devices was highest at 39% for PGS patients, while it was about 26% for isolated conditions, but overall decannulation rates were similar across the groups. Who this helps: This research benefits medical professionals treating patients with vocal fold immobility and airway issues.

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This study looked at how bedside nurses managed sedation for critically ill patients in an ICU while participating in a research trial comparing different sedation methods. It found that nurses with more experience felt more confident using new sedation techniques, while less experienced nurses struggled and needed more guidance. Many nurses were hesitant to adjust sedation levels due to fears about patient safety, which made it hard to follow the proposed sedation protocols. Who this helps: This information benefits ICU nurses and their patients by highlighting the need for better training and support in sedation practices.

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This study looked at how certain parts of the brain help us remember events in either detailed or basic ways. Researchers found that two pathways to a brain region called CA1 work differently: one pathway helps create rich, detailed memories, while the other supports simpler, broader memories. Specifically, when a pathway from CA3 is activated during fear conditioning, it leads to stronger, clearer memories linked to specific situations, whereas blocking this pathway causes memories to be less detailed and more general. Who this helps: This helps patients with memory-related issues and doctors who treat cognitive disorders.

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This study focused on a new automated platform called WAFFLE, designed to improve the production and performance of electrochemical biosensors, which are tools used to detect specific substances in the body. Researchers found that WAFFLE can significantly enhance the sensitivity of tests for important health markers, such as interleukin-6 and cardiac troponin I, making them more reliable and consistent. The entire system can be built for about £1,000, making it more affordable than traditional methods. Who this helps: This helps researchers, doctors, and patients by providing more accurate diagnostic tools.

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This study looked at how dopamine in a specific brain area called the nucleus accumbens responds when rats make visual decisions, particularly when they are unsure about whether a signal is present. Researchers found that dopamine levels changed in a way that showed how confident the rats were in their choices, with more uncertainty leading to higher dopamine responses. This is important because it helps us understand how our brains process confidence and uncertainty during decision-making, which can have implications for conditions that affect these processes. Who this helps: This research benefits scientists and psychologists studying decision-making and confidence in both animals and humans.

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Researchers created a new tool called the OCEAN-ICU to improve how sedation is managed in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). They surveyed 252 healthcare professionals in the UK, finding that while many agreed on the importance of using lighter sedation, there were challenges in effectively assessing and managing pain and agitation. The tool is designed to identify what helps or hinders better sedation practices, which is crucial because effective sedation can significantly improve patient comfort and outcomes in ICUs. Who this helps: This helps patients in intensive care by ensuring they receive better pain and sedation management.

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This study looked at how underrepresented women with pelvic floor disorders use social media to learn about their health conditions. Researchers surveyed 301 women, mostly Hispanic/Latina, and found that those under 65 were more likely to use TikTok and Instagram for health information than older women. The results show that many women prefer platforms like Facebook and YouTube for learning from doctors, which can help improve access to health education for this group. Who this helps: This helps patients by providing better access to health information and resources.

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This study explored how the strength of IgE antibodies influences their effectiveness against tumors. Researchers created 12 new versions of an IgE antibody targeting HER2, and found that one version, called EPS 232, was particularly effective—it boosted the destruction of cancer cells and improved the immune response, leading to significant tumor growth reduction. This is important because it shows that making IgE antibodies stronger can enhance their ability to fight cancer. Who this helps: Patients with HER2-positive cancers.

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This study explored the mental and cognitive abilities of four family members with Diets-Jongmans syndrome, a genetic condition linked to the KDM3B gene. The findings showed that three family members had average cognitive skills, while one had significantly lower scores, indicating a range of mental capabilities within this syndrome. Recognizing this diversity is important because it can lead to better detection and tailored support for individuals with this condition. Who this helps: This helps patients and their families by providing a clearer understanding of their care needs.

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This study focused on MGC028, a new cancer treatment that targets a protein called ADAM9, which is found in high amounts in various tumors. Researchers found that MGC028 was effective in killing cancer cells in lab tests and showed promising results in animal models, working well at different doses without causing the eye problems linked to a previous treatment called IMGC936. This is important because it offers a potentially safer option for treating advanced solid tumors. Who this helps: This helps patients with advanced solid tumors looking for new treatment options.

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This study focused on defining "refractory septic shock," which is a severe condition where patients do not respond to standard treatment. Experts from various countries agreed on 13 key clinical criteria to identify this condition, including high lactate levels (94.6% agreement) and the need for certain medications (75% agreement). This is important because having a clear definition helps doctors provide better care and improves research on treatment options. Who this helps: This helps patients experiencing severe septic shock and the doctors treating them.

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This research paper focused on defining "refractory septic shock," a severe condition where patients do not respond well to treatment. The expert panel agreed on 13 key criteria for diagnosing this condition, including high levels of lactate (94.6% agreement) and the need for specific drug doses to manage blood pressure. This clear definition will help doctors better diagnose and treat patients who are severely ill and improve care standards in critical situations. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare providers treating patients with severe infections.

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This study focused on whether damaged bile ducts in human livers could recover when the organs were treated outside the body using a specialized machine for up to 13.5 days. The researchers found that 70% of the livers showed signs of regeneration in their bile ducts after treatment, particularly when certain proteins in the bile were maintained. This discovery is important because it could increase the number of donor livers available for transplantation, helping to reduce complications after surgery. Who this helps: This benefits patients needing liver transplants.

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This study looked at how using many medications at once (polypharmacy) affects the liver in aging mice. Researchers found that using multiple drugs resulted in significant changes in liver proteins—93% of these changes were unique to polypharmacy—and that reducing medications (deprescribing) could reverse some of these effects, while also introducing new changes to liver proteins. Understanding these molecular effects is important because they can help guide better treatment strategies for older adults who often take many medications. Who this helps: This helps older patients and their doctors manage polypharmacy more effectively.

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This study looked at the long-term service outcomes of Navy recruits who were given waivers for mental health conditions during basic training between 2014 and 2022. It found that 93% of 1,356 recruits with approved waivers are still serving or have completed their service commitment, which shows that many individuals with mental health waivers can effectively continue in their military roles. This is important because it suggests that the military can benefit from those with mental health challenges, and it highlights the need for consistent practices across all branches to support these recruits better. Who this helps: This helps military recruits with mental health conditions, military leadership, and policymakers.

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This study looked at how wearing weights on their calves during warm-ups affects fitness in young female netball players. Over six weeks, 29 athletes trained with or without these weights. The group wearing weights improved their 15-meter sprint times by 2.14% and showed better acceleration and horizontal jumping ability, while both groups improved their 5-meter sprint times. Who this helps: This helps young female athletes looking to improve their performance in sports like netball.

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This study looked at the financial struggles faced by people who were injured by gun violence and were part of a hospital program aimed at helping them recover. Out of 103 participants, a large majority had financial needs; 75.7% needed help with crime compensation, 35% struggled with medical bills, and 22.3% faced wage loss. Understanding these financial challenges is important because it shows the need for financial support in services for gun violence survivors to help them recover fully from their injuries. Who this helps: This helps gun violence survivors and the healthcare providers supporting them.

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Researchers looked at how to increase the rate of HPV vaccinations at a dermatology clinic that treats sexually transmitted infections. They found that offering the HPV vaccine on the same day as the consultation led to a 175% increase in the number of patients starting the vaccine (from low initial rates). This is important because higher vaccination rates can help reduce the spread of HPV and its associated health risks, like certain cancers. Who this helps: This helps patients visiting STI clinics who need the HPV vaccine.

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This study looked at how overexpressing a specific gene in apples, called MdMADS8, affects flower and fruit development. It found that apples with this gene produced larger fruit with more flesh and ripened faster than regular apples, like the 'Royal Gala' variety. Specifically, the genetically altered apples had a greater flesh-to-core ratio and ripened more quickly due to increased levels of key ripening proteins. Who this helps: This research benefits apple growers seeking to improve fruit quality and speed up production.

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This study looked at how occupational therapists help patients prepare for total hip replacement surgery. Interviews with eight therapists revealed that offering therapy before surgery is crucial for faster recovery and discharge from the hospital. It was found that having experienced therapists leads to better care, but predicting patients' needs can sometimes be difficult. This matters because effective pre-operative care can reduce the amount of post-operative help some patients need and streamline their recovery process. Who this helps: This benefits patients preparing for hip surgery and the healthcare professionals caring for them.

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This study looked at the growth of children in South Africa who were suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Researchers followed 372 children over a year, finding that while the weight-for-age scores improved for those with TB, they still had lower height-for-age scores compared to healthier kids. Specifically, the average height-for-age score for children with TB was -1.34, compared to -0.74 for healthy kids, showing that children with TB often struggle to grow properly. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and healthcare providers working to improve the nutrition and treatment of children with tuberculosis.

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This study looked at ways to reduce excessive checking behavior, a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in rats. Researchers tested two drugs that target brain receptors called mGluR2 and found that both effectively decreased checking behaviors without affecting the rats’ overall performance in tasks. This matters because it points to a new potential treatment approach for OCD that could benefit people who currently don't respond well to existing therapies. Who this helps: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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This study looked at a problem called "Wire Syndrome," which happens when wires used to keep teeth in place after braces cause serious gum issues. The researchers found that some patients develop these problems years after finishing their braces, sometimes leading to significant gum damage and tooth attachment loss. This finding is important because it highlights that many dental professionals may not recognize the long-term effects of these wires until it's too late for effective treatment. Who this helps: This helps patients who have previously undergone orthodontic treatment, as well as dentists and periodontists managing their care.

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This study looked at how changes in a part of the brain called the anterior hippocampus affect other areas related to schizophrenia using marmosets, which have brain structures similar to humans. Researchers found that when the protective structures in the hippocampus degrade, it leads to increased dopamine levels in certain brain areas and causes problems with learning and behavior, similar to what is seen in people with schizophrenia. This matters because it helps us understand the brain changes linked to schizophrenia, offering potential insights into treatments and management of the condition. Who this helps: This helps patients with schizophrenia and their doctors.

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This study looked at how different synthetic cannabinoids (artificial compounds that mimic cannabis effects) work on specific brain receptors (CB1 and CB2) to see how active they are. Researchers tested 19 new versions of these compounds that have iodine or bromine added to their structure. They found that compounds with fluorine were the least effective, while those with a type of molecule called "tert-leucine methyl ester" were the most powerful, indicating they could have stronger effects on the brain. Who this helps: This information benefits researchers and healthcare professionals monitoring the safety and effectiveness of synthetic cannabinoids.

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In this study, researchers examined how certain synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are broken down in the body, focusing on a group of compounds called 4-pentenyl SCRAs. They found that different SCRAs were metabolized in specific ways, with some breaking down through ester hydrolysis in over 90% of cases, while others had different metabolic pathways like hydroxylation. Understanding these patterns is important because it can help develop reliable tests to detect SCRA use in patients and forensic cases. Who this helps: This benefits patients, doctors, and forensic scientists involved in drug testing and treatment.

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This study looked at a new way synthetic cannabinoids—drugs that mimic the effects of cannabis—are being made, particularly after a ban on similar substances in 2021. Researchers found a hidden lab in Switzerland that produced these substances using unconventional starting materials. They tested various samples and discovered that while the original materials were less potent, they were mixed with stronger final products, showing activity levels ranging from 39.3% to 93.4% in purity. Who this helps: This information is important for law enforcement and public health officials who work to address drug-related issues.

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Researchers studied how a compound called methyl salicylate (MeSA) helps tomatoes defend themselves against certain insect pests, specifically two caterpillar types called Helicoverpa zea and Manduca sexta. They found that tomatoes genetically modified to produce less MeSA were more vulnerable to these pests, while those producing more MeSA had better resistance, particularly against one of the pests. This research highlights the importance of MeSA in tomato plants' ability to fend off insect attacks, which can help improve pest management strategies in agriculture. Who this helps: This helps farmers and agricultural scientists.

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This study looked at how medications called GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, which are commonly used for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity, could affect dental patients during sedation or general anesthesia. The researchers found that these medications can slow down how quickly the stomach empties, which might increase the risk of vomiting and serious complications during dental procedures. In 2024, experts released guidance for healthcare providers to help manage these risks, emphasizing the importance of discussing treatment options with patients. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing dental procedures while on these medications, as well as their doctors and anesthesiologists.

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This study looked at why some children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) develop a more serious form called edematous SAM (ESAM). Researchers found that specific genetic variants related to one-carbon metabolism are more common in children with ESAM; they examined samples from 711 children in Jamaica and Malawi. They discovered seven genetic markers associated with an increased risk of developing ESAM, suggesting that genetic factors play a significant role in how malnutrition presents itself. Who this helps: This information can assist doctors and health workers in better understanding and treating children with acute malnutrition.

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This study compared two surgical techniques for knee replacement in veterans: the quadriceps-sparing subvastus (SV) approach and the medial parapatellar (MPP) approach. Researchers looked at 393 patients and found no significant differences in complications or recovery outcomes between the two methods, though the SV approach had slightly fewer complications related to the knee extension mechanism (none compared to 0.57% for MPP). The study also highlighted that using an early walking program and tapering off opioids after surgery led to better recovery times and lower pain medication use. Who this helps: This research benefits patients undergoing knee replacement surgery, particularly veterans.

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This study focused on using a medication called remimazolam to help an 86-year-old man undergo a dental surgery—removing his wisdom teeth—while he was sedated. The doctors started with a dose of 4 mg and adjusted the infusion rate based on how the patient responded, ultimately giving him a total of 14.1 mg over 28 minutes. The surgery went well, the patient was happy with the sedation, and he went home without any issues, showing that remimazolam can be effectively used for older patients in outpatient surgeries. Who this helps: Patients needing surgery, especially elderly individuals requiring safe sedation.

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This study focused on improving the production of a type of virus used in gene therapy called recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). The researchers developed faster, simpler methods for producing these viruses on a small scale, allowing scientists to create various rAAV versions more efficiently. The new approach could significantly speed up the early stages of developing new therapies by allowing quicker testing of these viruses' effectiveness. Who this helps: This benefits researchers and patients looking for new gene therapies.

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This study looked at how well public health unit websites in Ontario, Canada, include information about diverse sexual orientations and gender identities (SOGIE). Researchers analyzed 34 websites and found that while many included terms like "LGBT," "bisexual," and "mental health," the information primarily focused on sexual health and mental health, missing other important aspects of SOGIE-diverse experiences. This matters because better representation can lead to improved understanding and healthcare for these communities, ultimately reducing health inequalities. Who this helps: Patients in the 2SLGBTQ+ community and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at immune cells that produce IgE antibodies, which are linked to long-lasting allergies. Researchers found that some of these IgE-producing cells can live for over 49 days, while most only survive for about 3 days. This means that both short-lived and long-lived IgE cells contribute to maintaining high levels of IgE, which keeps allergies going. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with chronic allergies by improving understanding of how these conditions persist.

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This study examined how well a new sedation method for critically ill patients was put into practice in 38 intensive care units across the UK. Researchers found that the intervention was delivered at varying levels: 4 sites had low adherence, 20 had moderate, and 14 were high. The successful use of sedatives was affected by various factors, including staff attitudes and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted staffing and care priorities. Who this helps: This research benefits patients in intensive care and the healthcare professionals who care for them.

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This study looked at how different parts of the hippocampus—the brain area important for emotions and memory—develop in fetuses. Researchers scanned the brains of 51 healthy fetuses in the third trimester and discovered that the anterior (front) part of the hippocampus is connected to emotional processing, while the posterior (back) part is linked to spatial memory. This means that the foundational wiring for these important brain functions starts forming even before birth. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and researchers studying brain development in unborn babies.

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This study examined a diagnostic test using metallothionein (MTH) immunohistochemistry to detect Wilson disease (WD), a rare genetic condition. The researchers analyzed 91 patients diagnosed with WD and found that 83 of them tested positive for the MTH marker, resulting in a test sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 100%. These results indicate that MTH immunohistochemistry is a highly effective and reliable method for screening WD, making it a valuable tool for doctors in diagnosing this condition. Who this helps: This helps doctors and patients who are being evaluated for Wilson disease.

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This study looked at how well a technique called normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) works for smaller liver segments used in pediatric liver transplants. The researchers found that these smaller segments can be perfused without causing significant injury, lasting an average of 5.7 days after separation. This is important because it suggests that this technique could be safely used to improve liver transplant options for kids. Who this helps: This benefits pediatric patients in need of liver transplants.

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This study explored how aged care staff in Australia feel about training to improve communication with residents who have dementia. Out of 104 surveyed staff members, most preferred face-to-face training and insisted on getting paid for their participation. The researchers identified barriers to training, such as staff shortages and time constraints, which are important to address for better training outcomes. Who this helps: This helps aged care staff and residents with dementia by improving communication and support.

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This study looked at how well pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is being used by people with pancreatic cancer in New Zealand and Australia. Out of over 300 participants, 60% in New Zealand and 69.3% in Australia had heard of PERT, but only 18% in New Zealand and 27% in Australia received the recommended dosage. Many participants struggled with symptoms related to digestion before starting PERT, but almost all of them reported improvement after beginning the therapy. This matters because better compliance with international guidelines could lead to more effective treatment for patients suffering from malabsorption due to pancreatic cancer. Who this helps: This helps patients with pancreatic cancer who experience digestive issues.

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This study looked at the role of a protein called Ki67 in the development of certain immune cells, specifically B and T lymphocytes. The researchers found that when Ki67 was missing, these immune cells had significant problems forming properly, even though other processes in the body were normal. Without Ki67, the gene rearrangements necessary for creating effective immune responses were not working well, leading to about 50% less efficiency in a key process called gene rearrangement. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with immune system disorders by enhancing our understanding of immune cell development.

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This study looked at how children in Cape Town, South Africa, were affected by COVID-19 during the Omicron variant surge. Out of 95 infected children, 87 showed symptoms, with a median age of 11 months. More than half (51.2%) of the children had at least one underlying health issue, but the researchers found that kids with HIV or tuberculosis were not more likely to have severe disease than those without these conditions. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors and healthcare providers caring for young children, particularly those with underlying health issues.

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This study looked at a part of diatoms, tiny ocean plants that play a key role in taking up carbon dioxide, called the pyrenoid. Researchers found 10 proteins in the pyrenoid that had unknown roles, and six of these create a protective layer around the main protein responsible for carbon fixation. Understanding how these proteins work is important because it reveals crucial details about how diatoms help manage carbon in our environment. Who this helps: This research benefits environmental scientists and climate researchers aiming to understand carbon cycling better.

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This study looked at the impact of a computerized test called QbTest, designed to help diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), across various health facilities in England from 2020 to 2023. Researchers found that using QbTest led to a decrease of about 11.5% in the number of appointments needed for a diagnosis, although the time from referral to diagnosis actually increased by about 55 days. This matters because it indicates that while QbTest can streamline some aspects of the diagnosis process, logistics and patient needs may still create delays. Who this helps: Patients being evaluated for ADHD and the healthcare professionals involved in their care.

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This study looked at how doctors in New Zealand and Australia are prescribing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) for patients with pancreatic cancer that can’t be surgically removed. Out of 161 participating clinicians, many were found to under-prescribe PERT, and about 70% from New Zealand and 77% from Australia were unaware of the best practice guidelines for using this treatment. This matters because proper use of PERT can significantly improve the quality of life for these patients by helping them absorb nutrients better. Who this helps: This helps patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.